{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:01:26Z","timestamp":1790762486189,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]],"date-time":"1999-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":930787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> Expressed emotion (EE) is a measure that has been used to assess the quality of the \nrelationship between patient and their key relative. It has been shown to be strongly predictive of \nclinical outcome in a range of psychiatric and medical disorders. This study investigated the effect \nof EE on treatment outcome in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold> A prospective design was adopted. The key relatives of 31 PTSD patients participating \nin a treatment trial comparing imaginal exposure with cognitive therapy were interviewed and rated \non EE prior to treatment allocation. The effect of EE on post-treatment clinical outcomes was \nassessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Sixteen patients (52%) had high EE and 15 (48%) low EE relatives. Patients with high EE \nrelatives showed lesser change scores on the main outcome variable of the trial, the total CAPS \nscore, and on all the secondary outcome variables than those with low EE relatives. Using different \nmultiple regression models the EE scales of criticism and hostility predicted just under 20% of the \noutcome variance. These two scales were highly correlated and criticism marginally predicted the \ngreatest variance (19\u00b77%).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> The results highlight the importance of the quality of the patient's social environment \nin influencing their response to cognitive and behavioural treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291799008569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:33:33Z","timestamp":1027762413000},"page":"801-811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Relatives' expressed emotion (EE) and PTSD \ntreatment outcome"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"TARRIER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"SOMMERFIELD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"PILGRIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291799008569","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T17:44:37Z","timestamp":1555004677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291799008569\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291799008569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291799008569","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}