{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:03:54Z","timestamp":1790935434038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]],"date-time":"1999-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":930787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> Schizophrenia patients, particularly those with symptoms such as thought insertion, \npassivity experiences and hallucinations, may share an underlying cognitive deficit in monitoring the \ngeneration of their own thoughts. This deficit, which has been referred to as \u2018autonoetic agnosia\u2019, \nmay result in the conclusion that self-generated thoughts come from an external source. Previous \nwork supports this notion, yet the statistical approaches that have been used have not enabled a \ndistinction between specific deficits suggesting autonoetic agnosia and more general cognitive \ndysfunction.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold> Autonoetic agnosia was assessed using source-monitoring paradigms in 28 patients with \nschizophrenia and 19 control subjects. Multinomial model analyses, which allow the distinction \nbetween deficits in recognizing information, remembering its source, and response biases, were \napplied to the data.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Schizophrenia patients were impaired in discriminating between words that came from two \nexternal sources, from two internal sources, and one internal and one external source. In a condition \nrequiring subjects to distinguish between words they had heard from those they had imagined \nhearing, when schizophrenic patients did not remember the source of the information, they showed \na stronger bias than controls to report that it had come from an external source.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> The application of multinomial models to source monitoring data suggests that \nschizophrenia patients have source monitoring deficits that are not limited to the distinction \nbetween internally-generated and externally-perceived information. However, when schizophrenia \npatients do not remember the source of information, they may be more likely than controls to report \nthat it came from an external source.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291799008673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:33:33Z","timestamp":1027776813000},"page":"903-914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Source monitoring deficits in patients with \nschizophrenia; a multinomial modelling analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"R. S. E.","family":"KEEFE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"ARNOLD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U. J.","family":"BAYEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. D.","family":"HARVEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291799008673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T21:44:45Z","timestamp":1555019085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291799008673\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291799008673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291799008673","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}