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The most common group of beta-lactamases produced by clinical isolates are the plasmid-mediated TEM enzymes (Richmond-Sykes type III a) which exist in many Enterobacteriaceae, <jats:italic>Hemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic> species. Development of new beta-lactam antimicrobial agents during the past decades has resulted in a number of drugs with increased, albeit not total, resistance to beta-lactamases. 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