{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T22:59:53Z","timestamp":1765666793606},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Technol Assess Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>To review the existing health economic literature on meningococcal disease vaccination.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>A Medline search for economic evaluations of vaccination programs for meningococcal disease in developed countries was conducted. All identified studies were reviewed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Nine published studies were identified examining either mass vaccination during outbreaks or routine vaccination. Although net expenses were estimated in almost all studies, the resulting cost-effectiveness ratios varied widely. Vaccination of college-age students was found to be potentially cost-effective in Australia but not in the United States. With one exception, routine vaccination of children and adolescents in Europe was predicted to be cost-effective. Many simplifying assumptions were made, and important elements were often left out, in particular the potential for reduced transmission of disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>The methods used and the vaccination strategies vary widely, and results do not provide strong grounds for making conclusions as to whether vaccination is cost-effective. Furthermore, in all instances, transmission of disease, changes in population carriage rates, and outbreaks are either ignored, dealt with using very broad simplifying assumptions, or are not necessarily generalizable to other settings. The analyses provide some insight into the potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination, but more importantly, they highlight areas requiring further study. Economic evaluations based on observed outcomes from recently implemented strategies would be helpful, as would more sophisticated health economic models. The choice of vaccination strategies cannot be based on the results of existing economic analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0266462304001096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]],"date-time":"2008-05-06T11:40:05Z","timestamp":1210074005000},"page":"280-288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Assessing the economics of vaccination for<i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>in industrialized nations: A review and recommendations for further research"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Denis","family":"Getsios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wissam","family":"El-Hadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime J.","family":"Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Froeschle JE .1999 Meningococcal disease in college students.Clin Infect Dis. 29:215\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1086\/520166"},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref017","unstructured":"Fine PE .1993 Herd immunity: History, theory, practice.Epidemiol Re. 15:265\u2013302."},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eldabi T , Irani Z , Paul RJ .2002 A proposed approach for modelling health care systems for understanding.J Manag Med. 16:170\u2013187.","DOI":"10.1108\/02689230210434916"},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiden MCJ , Stuart JM ,2002 for the UK Meningococcal Carriage Group. 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A dynamic perspective.Stat Med. 18:3263\u20133282.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19991215)18:23<3263::AID-SIM315>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref034","unstructured":"Miller E , Salisbury D , Ramsay M .2002 Planning, registration, and implementation of an immunization campaign against meningococcal serogroup C disease in the UK: A success story.Vaccine. 20:S58\u2013S67."},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref026","unstructured":"Johannesson M .1996 The willingness to pay for health changes, the human capital approach and the external costs.Health Policy. 36:231\u2013244."},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozzette SA , Boer R , Bhatnagar V , et al.2003 A model for a smallpox-vaccination policy.N Engl J Med. 3:416\u2013425.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa025075"},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison LH , Dwyer DM , Maples CT , Billmann L .1999 Risk of meningococcal infection in college students.JAMA. 281:1906\u20131910.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.20.1906"},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Wals P , Erickson L .2002 Economic analysis of the 1992-1993 mass immunization campaign against serogroup C meningococcal disease in Quebec.Vaccine. 20:2840\u20132844.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00161-5"},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trotter C , Borrow R , Andrews N , Miller E .2003 Seroprevalence of meningococcal serogroup C bactericidal antibody in England and Wales in the pre-vaccination era.Vaccine. 21:1094\u20131098.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00630-8"},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref016","unstructured":"Erickson L , De Wals P .1998 Complications and sequelae of meningococcal disease in Quebec, 1990\u20131994.Clin Infect Dis. 26:1159\u20131164."},{"key":"S0266462304001096_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson LA , Schuchat A , Gorsky RD , Wenger JD .1995 Should college students be vaccinated against meningococcal disease? 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