{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:13:15Z","timestamp":1791270795770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":102,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Technol Assess Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0266462326103729_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly high-risk types such as HPV 16 and 18, is a major cause of cervical cancer and other cancers. Despite the United Kingdom\u2019s (UK\u2019s) commitment to cervical cancer elimination by 2040, participation in HPV screening is declining, disproportionately affecting underserved groups, including those experiencing poverty, people from minoritized racial, ethnic, gender, or sexual identity groups, and people living with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0266462326103729_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a mixed-methods study to explore awareness, barriers, and facilitators to HPV self-sampling from clinician and public perspectives. A multi-stakeholder survey (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0105) and two online focus groups with clinicians (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04) and members of the public (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05) were undertaken.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0266462326103729_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survey respondents identified accuracy, cost-free availability, ease of use, accessibility, clear instructions, and adequate follow-up as critical test features. Participants emphasized that disability, cultural context, language, and socioeconomic status strongly influence barriers and facilitators to uptake. Focus groups provided contextual depth, illustrating how privacy, logistical and emotional impacts, and supportive follow-up pathways shaped acceptability and trust. Clinicians highlighted the need for integration into healthcare infrastructure to maintain trust and ensure support. Public participants recommended community-driven engagement, including multilingual instructions and tailored communication to encourage adoption among diverse groups. Concerns were raised about unintended consequences, such as anxiety following asymptomatic HPV diagnoses and challenges in managing clinical pathways after positive results. Suggestions included leveraging community organizations to reduce hesitancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0266462326103729_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings highlight policy and implementation considerations for embedding HPV self-sampling within care pathways to improve uptake and reduce inequalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0266462326103729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T08:36:09Z","timestamp":1776069369000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Barriers and facilitators to using self-sampled tests for the human papillomavirus (HPV): a mixed-methods study to inform a horizon scan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Soheila","family":"Ghasri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3324-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenie Evelynne","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1859-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bethan Molly","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imogen","family":"Forsythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Eastaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adetutu","family":"Sadiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Meader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Breckons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0266462326103729_r2","unstructured":"2. Cancer Research UK. Cervical cancer risk 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.cancerresearchuk.org\/health-professional\/cancer-statistics\/statistics-by-cancer-type\/cervical-cancer\/risk-factors#heading-Two."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jhsrp.2007.007074"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r8","unstructured":"8. National Health Service. What happens at your cervical screening appointment 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/cervical-screening\/what-happens\/."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajid.v37i1.414"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r17","unstructured":"17. Cochrane Methods Equity. PROGRESS-Plus. Available from: https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/equity\/projects\/evidence-equity\/progress-plus."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2020.0905"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r14","unstructured":"14. Johnson, EE , Harris, B , Ghasri, S , et al. Innovative diagnostic tests for human papillomavirus (HPV) to be used outside of a clinical setting: A horizon scan protocol 2024. Available from: https:\/\/osf.io\/rf7hs."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffo2.210"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/29944694.2025.2530969"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003743"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30070497"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdad275"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r11","unstructured":"11. National Health Service. Bowel cancer screening 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/bowel-cancer-screening\/."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09691413221090892"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r22","unstructured":"22. Martinelli, C , UK National Screening Committee. UK NSC consults on offering HPV self-sampling option to under-screened people in cervical screening programme 2024. Available from: https:\/\/nationalscreening.blog.gov.uk\/2024\/12\/04\/uk-nsc-consults-on-offering-hpv-self-sampling-option-to-under-screened-people-in-cervical-screening-programme\/."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r1","unstructured":"1. National Health Service. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/human-papilloma-virus-hpv\/."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r4","unstructured":"4. Office for Health Improvement & Disparities. Cancer services Available from: https:\/\/fingertips.phe.org.uk\/profile\/cancerservices\/data#page\/4\/gid\/1938132830\/pat\/159\/par\/K02000001\/ati\/15\/are\/E92000001\/iid\/93725\/age\/299\/sex\/2\/cat\/-1\/ctp\/-1\/yrr\/1\/cid\/4\/tbm\/1\/page-options\/tre-do-1."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052609"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r3","unstructured":"3. NHS England. NHS sets ambition to eliminate cervical cancer by 2040 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/2023\/11\/nhs-sets-ambition-to-eliminate-cervical-cancer-by-2040\/."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020298"},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r21","unstructured":"21. Gov.uk. Cervical Screening Care Pathway 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/cervical-screening-care-pathway\/cervical-screening-care-pathway."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r23","unstructured":"23. Waller, J , Rebolj, M , Martinelli, C. HPValidate cervical screening self-sampling study publishes final results 2024. Available from: https:\/\/nationalscreening.blog.gov.uk\/2024\/11\/08\/hpvalidate-cervical-screening-self-sampling-study-publishes-final-results\/#:~:text=The%20HPValidate%20findings%20contribute%20to,or%20rarely%20attended%20cervical%20screening."},{"key":"S0266462326103729_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11554-6"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0266462326103729","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:03:04Z","timestamp":1784271784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0266462326103729\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S0266462326103729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0266462326103729","relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4623","1471-6348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4623","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-6348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e46"}}