{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:04:06Z","timestamp":1790971446295,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,3]],"date-time":"2006-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162512000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Econom. Theory"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mundlak (1978,\n                                    <jats:italic>Econometrica<\/jats:italic> 46, 69\u201385) showed that the fixed\n                                effects estimator can be obtained as generalized least squares (GLS)\n                                for a panel regression model where the individual effects are random\n                                but are <jats:italic>all<\/jats:italic> hopelessly correlated with the\n                                regressors. This result was obtained by partitioned inversion after\n                                substituting the reduced form expression for the individual effects\n                                as a function of the means of <jats:italic>all<\/jats:italic> the regressors.\n                                This note shows that Mundlak's result can be obtained using\n                                    <jats:italic>system estimation<\/jats:italic> without using partitioned\n                                inversion. System estimation has proved useful for deriving\n                                two-stage least squares (2SLS) and three-stage least squares (3SLS)\n                                counterparts for the random effects panel models by Baltagi (1981, <jats:italic>Journal of\n                                    Econometrics<\/jats:italic> 17, 189\u2013200). It also has been used for\n                                obtaining an alternative derivation of the Hausman tests that is\n                                robust to heteroskedasticity of unknown form (see Arellano, 1993, <jats:italic>Journal of\n                                    Econometrics<\/jats:italic> 59, 87\u201397) and more recently, for\n                                obtaining generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators for dynamic\n                                panel models (see Arellano and Bover, 1995, <jats:italic>Journal of Econometrics<\/jats:italic> 68, 29\u201351;\n                                and Blundell and Bond, 1998,\n                                    <jats:italic>Journal of Econometrics<\/jats:italic> 87, 115\u2013143, to mention\n                                a few). We also show that a necessary and sufficient condition for\n                                ordinary least squares (OLS) to be equivalent to GLS is satisfied\n                                for this model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0266466606060567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,3]],"date-time":"2006-11-03T20:02:27Z","timestamp":1162584147000},"page":"1191-1194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["AN ALTERNATIVE DERIVATION OF MUNDLAK'S FIXED EFFECTS\n                                RESULTS USING SYSTEM ESTIMATION"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Badi H.","family":"Baltagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0266466606060567_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(94)01642-D"},{"key":"S0266466606060567_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(93)90040-C"},{"key":"S0266466606060567_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177698779"},{"key":"S0266466606060567_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(98)00009-8"},{"key":"S0266466606060567_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1913827"},{"key":"S0266466606060567_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(81)90026-9"},{"key":"S0266466606060567_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1913646"}],"container-title":["Econometric Theory"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0266466606060567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T05:04:06Z","timestamp":1750482246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0266466606060567\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,3]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0266466606060567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0266466606060567","relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4666","1469-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4666","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,3]]}}}