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Very little has been done for panels, where the dimension, often corresponding to a number of individuals, typically is very large but where the number of observations for each individual may be small or moderate. It is the aim of this paper to start a systematic theoretical treatment of nonparametric models for panels of time series, in particular on additive models. Extending existing methodology to the panel situation is by no means trivial because already for the parametric case many problems are unsolved. Our estimation approach is based on backfitting methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0266466608090142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T09:20:07Z","timestamp":1233220807000},"page":"442-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["NONPARAMETRIC ADDITIVE MODELS FOR PANELS OF TIME 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