{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:13:18Z","timestamp":1793401998273,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402358400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Econom. Theory"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Haavelmo\u2019s seminal 1943 and 1944 papers are the first rigorous treatment of causality. In them, he distinguished the definition of causal parameters from their identification. He showed that causal parameters are defined using\n                    <jats:italic>hypothetical<\/jats:italic>\n                    models that assign variation to some of the inputs determining outcomes while holding all other inputs fixed. He thus formalized and made operational Marshall\u2019s (1890)\n                    <jats:italic>ceteris paribus<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysis. We embed Haavelmo\u2019s framework into the recursive framework of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) commonly used in the literature of causality (Pearl, 2000) and Bayesian nets (Lauritzen, 1996). We compare the analysis of causality based on a methodology inspired by Haavelmo\u2019s ideas with other approaches used in the causal literature of DAGs. We discuss the limitations of methods that solely use the information expressed in DAGs for the identification of economic models. We extend our framework to consider models for simultaneous causality, a central contribution of Haavelmo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s026646661400022x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T08:52:36Z","timestamp":1402390356000},"page":"115-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["CAUSAL ANALYSIS AFTER HAAVELMO"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Heckman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00277"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-937X.00240"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref66","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-95)","author":"Spirtes","year":"1995"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref65","first-page":"99","article-title":"Discussion: \u2018The Scientific Model of Causality\u2019","volume":"35","author":"Sobel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref64","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Studies in Econometric Method","volume":"3","author":"Simon","year":"1953"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref63","first-page":"961","article-title":"Statistics and causal inference: Comment: Which ifs have causal answers","volume":"81","author":"Rubin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-0255(86)90088-6"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Confluence analysis by means of instrumental sets of variables","volume":"32","author":"Reiers\u00f6l","year":"1945","journal-title":"Arkiv f\u00f6r Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref58","first-page":"789","volume-title":"Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science","author":"Pearl","year":"1994"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511803161"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/82.4.669"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177010894"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref52","volume-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference","author":"Pearl","year":"1988"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00459"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2011.06.009"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref46","volume-title":"Handbook of Econometrics","author":"Matzkin","year":"2007"},{"key":"S026646661400022X_ref44","unstructured":"Marshall A . 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