{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T21:17:26Z","timestamp":1777583846837,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474329600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Econom. Theory"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper examines the identification power of assumptions that formalize the notion of complementarity in the context of a nonparametric bounds analysis of treatment response. I extend the literature on partial identification via shape restrictions by exploiting cross-dimensional restrictions on treatment response when treatments are multidimensional; the assumption of <jats:italic>supermodularity<\/jats:italic> can strengthen bounds on average treatment effects in studies of policy complementarity. This restriction can be combined with a statistical independence assumption to derive improved bounds on treatment effect distributions, aiding in the evaluation of complex randomized controlled trials. Complementarities arising from treatment effect heterogeneity can be incorporated through <jats:italic>supermodular instrumental variables<\/jats:italic> to strengthen identification in studies with one or multiple treatments. An application examining the long-run impact of zoning on the evolution of urban spatial structure illustrates the value of the proposed identification methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0266466616000359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T09:18:01Z","timestamp":1474363081000},"page":"1154-1185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["COMPLEMENTARITY AND IDENTIFICATION"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Tate","family":"Twinam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0266466616000359_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2008.05.012","article-title":"Heterogeneous impacts in PROGRESA","volume":"145","author":"Djebbari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"S0266466616000359_ref3","unstructured":"Beresteanu, A . 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