{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:57:56Z","timestamp":1787317076698,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593388800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Econom. Theory"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper considers two-step generalized empirical likelihood (GEL) estimation and tests with martingale differences when there is a computationally simple\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0266466620000249_inline1.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$\\sqrt n$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    -consistent estimator of nuisance parameters or the nuisance parameters can be eliminated with an estimating function of parameters of interest. As an initial estimate might have asymptotic impact on final estimates, we propose general\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0266466620000249_inline2.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$C(\\alpha )$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    -type transformed moments to eliminate the impact, and use them in the GEL framework to construct estimation and tests robust to initial estimates. This two-step approach can save computational burden as the numbers of moments and parameters are reduced. A properly constructed two-step GEL (TGEL) estimator of parameters of interest is asymptotically as efficient as the corresponding joint GEL estimator. TGEL removes several higher-order bias terms of a corresponding two-step generalized method of moments. Our moment functions at the true parameters are martingales, thus they cover some spatial and time series models. We investigate tests for parameter restrictions in the TGEL framework, which are locally as powerful as those in the joint GEL framework when the two-step estimator is efficient.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0266466620000249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T04:19:57Z","timestamp":1593404397000},"page":"573-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["EFFICIENT TWO-STEP GENERALIZED EMPIRICAL LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION AND TESTS WITH MARTINGALE DIFFERENCES"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lung-fei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0266466620000249_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2171942"},{"key":"S0266466620000249_r37","first-page":"255","article-title":"Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena","volume":"35","author":"Moran","year":"1950","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"S0266466620000249_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-4412(84)02007-9"},{"key":"S0266466620000249_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2297604"},{"key":"S0266466620000249_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2648877"},{"key":"S0266466620000249_r48","unstructured":"Ramalho, J.J. 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