{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T17:47:38Z","timestamp":1713203258733},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]],"date-time":"2008-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222387200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4652,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science in Context"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>The Argument<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both \u201cearly chemistry\u201d and \u201cmodern concepts\u201d are imprecise. The earliest references to the materials involved in metallurgy, painting, ceramics, and the like, reveal an awareness that one group of materials were called \u201csalts\u201d because of their similarities. I consider this a chemical \u201cconcept.\u201d Seeking another example I claim to have found it in the so-called \u201cmineral acids.\u201d The evidence for the existence of this concept is cumulative during the period just before the emergence of \u201cmodern chemistry,\u201d of which it may be considered a cause. That evidence is particularly found in the literature of pharmacy and of medicine, both of which belong to the practical arts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269889700002490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]],"date-time":"2008-09-26T14:17:44Z","timestamp":1222438664000},"page":"241-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Operational Practice and the Emergence of Modern Chemical Concepts"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Multhauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref021","volume-title":"Introduction to the History of Science","volume":"1","author":"Sarton","year":"1927"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref020","unstructured":"Rosentha Bergcommissarius . 1804. Die Kunst Vitriol\u2014\u00d6l und Scheidewasser zu distilliren\u2026 Gotha."},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref006","volume-title":"English translation as New Method of Chemistry","author":"Boerhaave","year":"1741"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref023","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Observation um chymico-physicomedicarum curiosum","author":"Stahl","year":"1697"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref004","volume-title":"Tyrocinium chymicum (in Latin)","author":"Beguin","year":"1608"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref010","volume-title":"Universa medicina","author":"Fernel","year":"1567"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref009","volume-title":"Bibliotheca chemica","author":"Ferguson","year":"1906"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref012","volume-title":"Short History of Distillation","author":"Forbes","year":"1948"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref002","unstructured":"Agricola Georg . 1556. De re metallica."},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref022","volume-title":"The Origins and Early Development of the Heavy Chemical Industry in France","author":"Smith","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref024","volume-title":"De rerum nature","author":"Telesco","year":"1586"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref013","volume-title":"Thesaurus Euonymi","author":"Gesner","year":"1555"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref008","unstructured":"Ercker Lazarus . 1574. Bescheibung allerf\u00fchrnehmsten mineralischen Ertzt."},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref003","unstructured":"Barner Jacob . 1689. Chymnia philosophica\u2026con brevi sed accurata et fundamentali salium doctrina. Augsburg."},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref019","volume-title":"The Grand Titration: Science and Society in East and West","author":"Needham","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3101750"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref015","unstructured":"Multhauf R. P. 1953. \u201cThe Relationship between Technology and Natural Philosophy, ca. 1250\u20131650, as Illustrated by the Technology of the Mineral Acids\u201d. Ph.D.diss. Berkeley. University of California,"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref005","unstructured":"Biringuccio Vanoccio . 1540. Pirotechnia"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref025","volume-title":"Entstehung und Ausbreitung der Alchemie","volume":"3","author":"Von Lippman","year":"1954"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref014","volume-title":"Dictionnaire de Chimie","author":"Macquer","year":"1778"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref018","volume-title":"The Origins of Chemistry","author":"Multhauf","year":"1966"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref001","unstructured":"Agricola Georg . 1546. De natura fossilium."},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref011","volume-title":"Entwicklung der chemischen Technik","author":"Fester","year":"1923"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref016","first-page":"359","article-title":"John of Rupescissa and the Origin of Medical Chemistry","volume":"45","author":"Multhauf","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bulletin of The History of Medicine"},{"key":"S0269889700002490_ref007","unstructured":"Dittberner Helga . 1971. \u201cZur Geschichte der Kenntnis und Ordnung der Salze.\u201d. Ph.D.diss. Wolfgang Geothe Iniversit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main."}],"container-title":["Science in Context"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0269889700002490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T04:57:31Z","timestamp":1661144251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0269889700002490\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996]]}},"alternative-id":["S0269889700002490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0269889700002490","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8897","1474-0664"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-8897","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-0664","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996]]}}}