{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:04:46Z","timestamp":1791266686664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6349,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Child Lang."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The two- and three-syllable reduplicative babbling of five French-learning and five English-learning infants (0;5 to 1; 1) was examined in two ways for intonational differences. The first measure was a categorization into one of five categories (RISING, FALLING, RISE-FALL, FALL-RISE, LEVEL) by expert listeners. The second was the fundamental frequency (F<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) from the early, middle and late portion of each syllable. Both measures showed significant differences between the two language groups. 65% of the utterances from both groups were classified as either rising of falling. For the French children, these were divided equally into the rising and the falling categories, while 75% of those utterances for the English children were judged to have falling intonation. Proportions of the other three categories were not significantly different by language environment. In both languages, though, three-syllable utterances were more likely to have a complex contour than two-syllable ones. Analysis of the F<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>patterns confirmed the perceptual assessment. Several aspects of the target languages help explain these intonational differences in prelinguistic babbling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0305000900011223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T18:40:53Z","timestamp":1234896053000},"page":"501-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Intonational differences between the reduplicative babbling of French- and English-learning infants"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"D. 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