{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:08:29Z","timestamp":1790042909712,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6956,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Child Lang."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of babbling in language development is not well understood. One source of evidence is the utterances of infants who were tracheostomized during the period in which they would normally have produced syllabic vocalization. We describe here the phonetic patterns and linguistic development of a girl called Jenny. She was tracheostomized and generally aphonic from 0;5\u20131;8 but cognitively and socially normal, with near-normal comprehension of language. Acoustic analyses of Jenny's utterances following decannulation revealed a tenth of the canonical syllables which might be expected in normally developing infants, an extremely small inventory of consonant-like segments, and a marked preference for labial obstruents. In these ways, she resembled a group of infants of the same age who also cannot hear their oral-motor movements, the congenitally deaf, suggesting that the audibility of babbling contributes to its onset. Two months following decannulation, when Jenny was 1;10, she produced only a handful of different words. We think this is because aphonia prevented her from discovering the referential value of vocal expression and discouraged the formation of a phonetic repertoire that could be appropriated for lexical service. This unusual case suggests that babbling normally facilitates the development of language and speech.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0305000900013076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T19:02:15Z","timestamp":1234897335000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Linguistic significance of babbling: evidence from a tracheostomized infant"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"John L.","family":"Locke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn M.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref043","volume-title":"Precursors of early speech","author":"Vihman","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref040","volume-title":"Assessment in infancy: ordinal scales of psychological development","author":"Uzgiris","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682827009011509"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref038","volume-title":"Sensitive periods in development: interdisciplinary perspectives","author":"Snow","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4704.439"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(83)80102-5"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067377"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000900001276"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref028","unstructured":"Messick C. K. (1984). Phonetic and contextual aspects of the transition to early words. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Purdue University, Illinois."},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref023","first-page":"669","article-title":"Birdsong and speech development: could there be parallels?","volume":"58","author":"Marler","year":"1970","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref044","volume-title":"Preschool language scale","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(85)80017-3"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420150409"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref009","volume-title":"The genesis of language","author":"Fry","year":"1966"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000900005560"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref020","unstructured":"Locke J. L. (in press, b). Structure and stimulation in the ontogeny of spoken language. Developmental Psychobiology."},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002383098302600201"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref018","volume-title":"Precursors of early speech","author":"Locke","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref019","unstructured":"Locke J. L. (in press, a). Babbling and early speech: continuity and individual differences. First Language."},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref017","volume-title":"Phonological acquisition and change","author":"Locke","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref012","volume-title":"Precursors of early speech","author":"Holmgren","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1965.tb01688.x","article-title":"The role of auditory feedback in the control of vocalization in the whitecrowned sparrow","volume":"22","author":"Konishi","year":"1965","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.1967.11707799","volume-title":"Biological foundations of language","author":"Lenneberg","year":"1967"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130323"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref021","unstructured":"Lynch M. P. , Oller D. K. & Steffens M. (in press). Development of speech-like vocalizations in a child with congenital absence of cochleas: the case of total deafness. Applied Psycholinguistics."},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref010","volume-title":"Foundations of language development","author":"Halliday","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref027","first-page":"446","article-title":"Structural changes in song ontogeny in the swamp sparrow Melospiza georgiana","volume":"99","author":"Marler","year":"1982","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000900002245"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(82)80059-6"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5101.33"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000265622"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref042","volume-title":"The emergent lexicon: the child's development of a linguistic vocabulary","author":"Veneziano","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref030","volume-title":"Precursors of early speech","author":"Oller","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4601.46"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref008","first-page":"61","article-title":"The transition from early to late babbling","volume":"62","author":"Emmorey","year":"1985","journal-title":"UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref022","first-page":"46","article-title":"Speaking without a tongue","volume":"11","author":"MacKain","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of the National Student Speech Language Hearing Association"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(82)90024-7"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref041","volume-title":"Precursors of early speech","author":"van der Stelt","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref015","first-page":"816","volume":"54","author":"Labov","year":"1978","journal-title":"The phonetics of cat and mama Language"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref029","volume-title":"Child phonology","volume":"1","author":"Oller","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.3703.403"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref004","volume-title":"Receptive-expressive emergent, language scale","author":"Bzoch","year":"1971"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70094-1"},{"key":"S0305000900013076_ref001","volume-title":"Language and context: the acquisition of pragmatics","author":"Bates","year":"1976"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Language"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0305000900013076","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T23:10:05Z","timestamp":1633129805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0305000900013076\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0305000900013076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0305000900013076","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-0009","1469-7602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-0009","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]}}}