{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:21:29Z","timestamp":1791314489133,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6591,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Child Lang."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of forms and functions of negation in parent\u2013child interactions in the early stages of language acquisition is discussed with illustrative examples from field data relating to two Tamil-speaking children and their parents. An attempt is made to provide a scheme for analysing the negatives in children's speech, maintaining the three basic functions of Bloom (1970) unaltered. Subcategories of these functions are introduced, taking into consideration the interactional situations as they are perceived by the parents and children. Children, it is observed, acquire the forms and functions of negation in a clear developmental sequence. They acquire and use the free forms <jats:italic>naanaa<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>vee\u1e47\u1e0daam<\/jats:italic>) \u2018No, I don't want\u2019 first, followed by negatives involving bound forms. Certain forms like <jats:italic>maa\u1e6d\u1e6deen<\/jats:italic> \u2018I won't\u2019, <jats:italic>mu\u1e0diyaadi<\/jats:italic>' I can't\u2019 and even <jats:italic>vee\u1e47\u1e0daam<\/jats:italic> are used in isolation (as free forms) first. Only later are they used with verb infinitives. The development of functions of negation follows the sequence: rejection, non-existence, prohibition and denial. Thus the children of this study show preference for rejection over non-existence as observed by earlier scholars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0305000900013295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T18:32:25Z","timestamp":1234895545000},"page":"51-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Development of forms and functions of negation in the early stages of language acquisition: a study in Tamil"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Vaidyanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref013","volume-title":"The acquisition of language: the study of developmental psycholinguistics","author":"McNeill","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref008","volume-title":"Children's language","volume":"1","author":"Gleason","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref005","volume-title":"Early syntactic development: a cross-linguistic study with special reference to Finnish","author":"Bowerman","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref002","unstructured":"Bellugi U. (1967). The acquisition of negation. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University."},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref007","first-page":"57","article-title":"Form and function in the development of sentence negation","volume":"17","author":"de Villiers","year":"1979","journal-title":"Papers and Reports of Child Language Development"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref010","volume-title":"The Ferguson impact. Vol. 1: From phonology to society","author":"Lakshmi Bai","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref018","unstructured":"Vaidyanathan R. (1985). Verbal environment in early language acquisition: pragmatic approach. Doctoral dissertation, Bombay University."},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref012","first-page":"78","article-title":"Variations in the acquisition of negation","volume":"8","author":"Lord","year":"1974","journal-title":"Papers and Reports of Child Language Development"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref011","volume-title":"A grammar of modern Tamil","author":"Lehman","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref009","volume-title":"Psycholinguistic papers","author":"Klima","year":"1966"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref006","volume-title":"The cross-linguistic study of language acquisition. Vol 1. The data","author":"Clancy","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref001","volume-title":"The crosslingtiistic study of language acquisition. Vol. 1. The data","author":"Aksu-Koc","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref014","volume-title":"Studies of child language development","author":"McNeill","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref017","volume-title":"Spoken Tamil","author":"Shanmugam Pillai","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref015","volume-title":"The social foundations of language and thought: essays in honor of J. S. Bruner","author":"Pea","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref016","volume-title":"Spoken Tamil","author":"Shanmugam Pillai","year":"1965"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref004","volume-title":"Language development and language disorder","author":"Bloom","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0305000900013295_ref003","volume-title":"Language development: form and function in emerging grammars","author":"Bloom","year":"1970"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Language"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0305000900013295","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T22:42:14Z","timestamp":1558132934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0305000900013295\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0305000900013295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0305000900013295","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-0009","1469-7602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-0009","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]}}}