{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:00:29Z","timestamp":1785420029785,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Child Lang."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Research on the acquisition of language\u2019s logical connectives has generally focused on production studies (spontaneous or elicited). According to such data, parts of the logical vocabulary \u2013 in particular, conjunction and disjunction \u2013 are acquired relatively late, with adult-like production evident from age 3 for conjunction and from age 6 for disjunction. In this study, we employed the intermodal preferential looking paradigm to target the comprehension abilities of Italian-speaking toddlers of an average age of 28\u00a0months, a younger cohort than in previous studies. We collected eye-fixation data as toddlers inspected two images whilst listening to conjunctive and disjunctive sentences and analysed these data with a\n                    <jats:italic>generalised additive model<\/jats:italic>\n                    , obtaining a sequential record of the online, implicit processing of the sentences. The results indicate that toddlers discriminate between conjunction and disjunction and favour an inclusive reading of disjunction, furthermore providing evidence for the earliest comprehension of the logical connectives in ontogeny.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0305000926100671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T10:02:35Z","timestamp":1780999355000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Comprehension of Conjunction and Disjunction by Toddlers"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Lobina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9skd65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UDIMA"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g5sqv46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University Rovira i Virgili"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann Sergio","family":"Bulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano-Bicocca"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Guasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano-Bicocca"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0305000926100671_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/tsl.58.03has"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613484936"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2016.11.006"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511842863"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011255819284"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/tsl.18"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r14","volume-title":"Investigations in universal grammar","author":"Crain","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2022.101473"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12186"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3765\/salt.v5i0.2704"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r46","unstructured":"van Rij, J. , Wieling, M. , Baayen, R. H. & van Rijn, H. (2020). Itsadug: Interpreting time series and autocorrelated data using gamms. (R package version 2.4)."},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11050-016-9126-3"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4737.001.0001"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10988-022-09359-w"},{"key":"S0305000926100671_r7","volume-title":"Il primo vocabolario del bambino: Gesti, parole e frasi. 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