{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:24:29Z","timestamp":1790907869230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3775,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. j. neurol. sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0317167100003383_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Characterize chronic daily headache in those less than 20 years of age. Material and<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100003383_abs2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study design: Prospective, observational, and sequential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100003383_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Private practice Pediatric Neurology Clinic in a Canadian city (Winnipeg).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100003383_abs4\"><jats:title>Patients and data collection:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on those referred with headache between September 1998 and December 2001 were entered on data sheets. Patients were followed up for one month to four years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100003383_abs5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and forty-three (31%) of 463 referred with headache had chronic daily headache with duration of one month to five years (median: eight months). The age range was 5.5 years to 20 years (median: 13 years). There were significantly more females (N=93) than males (N=50). The main groups were: (1) transformed migraine: 6 (4%), (2) transformed tension-type headache: 80 (56%) and (3) transformed comorbid migraine and tension-type headache: 39 (27%). Tension-type features dominated in 94%. Analgesia overuse occurred in two. Stressors were recognized in 60 (42%); anxiety disorder was diagnosed in 8 (6%), and depression in 13 (9%). Computed tomography scans were done in 31 (22%), and MRI\/MR angiography in 8 (6%) and were normal or showed nonspecific incidental findings. Twenty-two (15%) were lost to follow-up; 115 of the remaining 121 (95%) were headache free or greatly improved, 63 (55%) without specific treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100003383_abs6\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic daily headache is a common headache disorder in children and adolescents, especially in teenage girls. A prospective neuropsychiatric approach is necessary for evidenced-based management, since the condition has mental health, social and economic ramifications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100003383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T15:35:30Z","timestamp":1418398530000},"page":"319-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Chronic Daily Headache in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Shashi 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