{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:23:30Z","timestamp":1792801410481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1676,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. j. neurol. sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The substantia nigra was discovered in 1786 by F\u00e9lix Vicq d'Azyr, but it took more than a century before Paul Blocq and Georges Marinesco alluded to a possible link between this structure and Parkinson's disease. The insight came from the study of a tuberculosis patient admitted in Charcot's neurology ward at la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re because he was suffering from unilateral parkinsonian tremor. At autopsy, Blocq and Marinesco discovered an encapsulated tumor confined to the substantia nigra, contralateral to the affected side, and concluded that tremor in that particular case resulted from a midbrain lesion. This pioneering work, published in 1893, led Edouard Brissaud to formulate, in 1895, the hypothesis that the substantia nigra is the major pathological site in Parkinson's disease. Brissaud's hypothesis was validated in 1919 by Constantin Tr\u00e9tiakoff in a remarkable thesis summarizing a post-mortem study of the substantia nigra conducted in Marinesco's laboratory. Despite highly convincing evidence of nigral cell losses in idiopathic and post-encephalitic Parkinsonism, Tr\u00e9tiakoff's work raised considerable doubts among his colleagues, who believed that the striatum and pallidum were the preferential targets of parkinsonian degeneration. Tr\u00e9tiakoff's results were nevertheless confirmed by detailed neuropathological studies undertaken in the 1930s and by the discovery, in the 1960s, of the dopaminergic nature of the nigrostriatal neurons that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. These findings have strengthened the link between the substantia nigra and Parkinson's disease, but modern research has uncovered the multifaceted nature of this neurodegenerative disorder by identifying other brain structures and chemospecifc systems involved in its pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100010209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T18:41:23Z","timestamp":1417545683000},"page":"313-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Substantia Nigra and Parkinson's Disease: A Brief History of Their Long and Intimate Relationship"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Parent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref009","volume-title":"Recherches sur le syst\u00e8me c\u00e9r\u00e9bro-spinal, sa structure, ses fonctions et ses maladies","author":"Luys","year":"1865"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref007","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 d\u2019anatomie et de physiologie avec des planches colori\u00e9es repr\u00e9sentant au naturel les divers organes de l\u2019homme et des animaux","author":"Vicq d\u2019Azyr","year":"1786"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000203500"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref029","first-page":"387","article-title":"Zur Pathologie der Paralysis agitans und des postenzephalitischen Parkinsonismus","volume":"48","author":"Hassler","year":"1938","journal-title":"J Psychol Neurol."},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100002080"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref001","volume-title":"An essay on the shaking palsy","author":"Parkinson","year":"1817"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref013","first-page":"816","article-title":"La paralysie agitante","volume":"8","author":"Charcot","year":"1861","journal-title":"Gaz Hebdom Med Chir."},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y99-049"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref010","first-page":"36","article-title":"Sulla fine struttura della Substantia nigra S\u00f6mmeringii","volume":"5","author":"Mingazzini","year":"1888","journal-title":"Reale Academia dei Lincei (Roma)."},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref017","first-page":"1195","volume":"13","author":"Lehmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leopold Ordenstein: on paralysis agitans and multiple sclerosis"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300013375"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref026","first-page":"113","article-title":"\u00c9tude histopathologique des centres nerveux dans trois cas de maladie de Friedreich","volume":"27","author":"Marinesco","year":"1920","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref023","first-page":"581","volume":"30","author":"von Economo","year":"1917","journal-title":"Wiener klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"S0317167100010209_ref028","volume-title":"Anatomie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale. 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