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Case reports of PML after exposure to a monoclonal antibody authorized for use in Canada were retrieved by searching Canada Vigilance and WHO adverse event databases and through a Pub MED\/Medline literature search. 182 adverse event case reports were retrieved (adalimumab -1 case, alemtuzumab-14, bevacizumab -3, cetuximab -1, efalizumab - 8, ibritumomab tiuxetan-5, infliximab-4, natalizumab-32, and rituximab-114). The Canadian Product Monographs for natalizumab and ritiximab contain box warnings for PML. A natalizumab registry has been established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100012105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T10:09:53Z","timestamp":1418378993000},"page":"565-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Monoclonal Antibodies and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Keene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Legare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Gallivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria Mah","family":"Cawthorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068228"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref054","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.hc-sc.gc.ca\/dhp-mps\/medeff\/advisoriesavis\/public\/_2009\/raptiva_2_pc-cp-eng.php"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051847"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190902934944"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199905)58:1<79::AID-JMV13>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20933"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280802425467","article-title":"JC virus VP1 loop-specific polymorphisms are associated with favourable prognosis for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"15","author":"Debue","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21443"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810257"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90883-9"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref020","first-page":"236","article-title":"Advances in the biology of JC virus and induction of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"9","author":"Seth","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuro Virol"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1271"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref057","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.hc-sc.gc.ca\/dhp-mps\/medeff\/advisories-avis\/public\/_2007\/rituxan_4_pc-cp-eng.php"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2008.12.010"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000257832.38943.2b"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/CLML.2010.n.009"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054693"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.175"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000236612.66839.a2"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810316"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.013"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.1.49"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164106X98198"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2862::AID-ART474>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/NPP26068"},{"key":"S0317167100012105_ref018","first-page":"99","article-title":"The epidemiology of human polyomavirus","volume":"105","author":"Walker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol. 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