{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:36:47Z","timestamp":1787859407170,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1127,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Stories abound about the medical abuses that have come to define medicine and the \u201cpseudo\u201d-neurosciences in the Third Reich. Well known are the Nazi program of euthanasia and the neuroscientific publications that arose from it. Nevertheless, during this widespread perversion of medical practice and science, true medical heroics persisted, even in the concentration camps. In December 1942, inmates of Camp Vapniarka began experiencing painful lower extremity muscle cramps, spastic paraparesis, and urinary incontinence. In order to reduce the cost of feeding the 1200, mostly Jewish, inmates of Camp Vapniarka and surreptitiously hasten their deaths, the Nazi-affiliated Romanian officers of the camp had begun feeding them a diet high in<jats:italic>Lathyrus sativus. L. sativus<\/jats:italic>is the neurotoxin implicated in neurolathyrism, a degenerative disease of the upper motor neurons. Dr. Arthur Kessler, one of the camp's prisoners, eventually identified the source of the epidemic. Armed with this knowledge, the inmates collectively organized to halt its spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100012403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T15:09:56Z","timestamp":1418396996000},"page":"839-844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neurolathyrism in Vapniarka: Medical Heroism in a Concentration Camp"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jarred","family":"Garfinkle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Andermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Shevell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(99)00016-4"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref049","first-page":"277","article-title":"Anterior horn cell changes in a case of neurolathyrism","volume":"35","author":"Hirano","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hgs\/dcn002"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.03.054"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref005","first-page":"651","volume-title":"The British encyclopaedia of medical practice","author":"Chopra","year":"1935"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10287","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-24-10287.1998","article-title":"Thiol oxidation and loss of mitochondrial complex I precede excitatory amino acid-mediated neurodegeneration","volume":"18","author":"Sriram","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref010","author":"Sleeman","year":"1844","journal-title":"Rambles and recollections of an Indian Official"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref022","volume-title":"The Holocaust in Romania","author":"Ioanid","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231142"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref018","first-page":"535","article-title":"Excitotoxins in food","volume":"15","author":"Olney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref038","first-page":"291","article-title":"Ueber Lathyrismus","volume":"60","author":"Ortner","year":"1948","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref053","first-page":"1","article-title":"Une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de lathyrisme pendant la guerre","volume":"5-7","author":"Radovici","year":"1945","journal-title":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 M\u00e9dicale des H\u00f4pitaux de Bucarest"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref037","volume-title":"Cartea Neagra: Le livre noir de las destruction des juifs de Roumanie, 1940-1944","author":"Carp","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90342-8"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref008","first-page":"147","article-title":"Neurolathyrism: historical notes","volume":"7","author":"Cohn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Koroth"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref040","first-page":"77","article-title":"Sur une epidemie de lathyrisme","volume":"10","author":"Radovici","year":"1945","journal-title":"Bull Acad Med Roum"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref004","first-page":"89","volume-title":"The history of tropical neurology: nutritional disorders","author":"Bruyn","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.1.149"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000148289"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref028","first-page":"2","article-title":"Dr. Arthur Kessler (1903-2000)","volume":"3","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref030","volume-title":"Documents concerning the fate of Romanian Jewry during the Holocaust","author":"Ancel","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194907142410201"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref006","first-page":"59","volume-title":"The history of epidemics","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref043","first-page":"157","article-title":"Human neurolathyrism. A follow up study of 200 patients. Part II: special investigations","volume":"128","author":"Cohn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Schw Arch Neurol Psych"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000115136"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lathyrism","volume":"16","author":"Selye","year":"1957","journal-title":"Rev Canad Biol"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref011","first-page":"754","article-title":"Latirismo","volume":"15","author":"Cantani","year":"1873","journal-title":"Il Morgagni"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref052","volume-title":"Trials of war criminals before the Nuremberg military tribunals under control council law 10","year":"1950"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref001","first-page":"339","article-title":"Assessing neuropathological research carried out on victims of the \u2018euthanasia\u2019 programme","volume":"34","author":"Peiffer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Hist J"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref042","first-page":"151","article-title":"Human neurolathyrism. A follow up study of 200 patients. Part I: clinical investigation","volume":"128","author":"Cohn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Schw Arch Neurol Psych"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.27.12.1176"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/DMR-100101936"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref027","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Shattered! 50 Years of Silence","author":"Benditer","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100051842","article-title":"Neurosciences in the Third Reich: from Ivory Tower to death camps","volume":"26","author":"Shevell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91602-W"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref007","first-page":"312","article-title":"Zur geschichte und casuistik des lathyrismus","volume":"40","author":"Schuchardt","year":"1887","journal-title":"Dtsch Arch Klin Med"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref039","first-page":"1305","article-title":"\u00c9pilepsie reflexe provoqu\u00e9e par excitations optiques des rayons solaires","volume":"1","author":"Radovici","year":"1932","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/03335372-2005-008"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref023","volume-title":"Transnistria, 1941-1942: the Romanian mass murder campaigns","author":"Ancel","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb06036.x"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref013","first-page":"153","article-title":"Some structural features and neurotoxic action of a compound from L. sativus seeds","volume":"32","author":"Adiga","year":"1963","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref036","volume-title":"The destruction of the European Jews","author":"Hilberg","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref025","volume-title":"Finsternis: durch gef\u00e4ngnisse, KZ Wapniarka, massaker und kommunismus. Ein lebenslauf in Rum\u00e4nien, 1920-1990","author":"Gall","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00233-0"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref029","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Racial hygiene-medicine under the Nazis","author":"Proctor","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref026","author":"Simon","year":"1994","journal-title":"\u201c\u2026auf allen vieren werdet ihr hinauskriechen!\u201d: Ein zeugenbericht aus dem KZ Wapniarka"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520257726.003.0009"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref031","volume-title":"Burning ice: the ghettos of Transnistria","author":"Shachan","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/408017"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.05.058"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.5.572"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref047","first-page":"236","article-title":"Human lathyrism","volume":"23","author":"Paissios","year":"1962","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"S0317167100012403_ref035","first-page":"111","article-title":"Lathyrism in man","volume":"31","author":"Kessler","year":"1946","journal-title":"Harefuah"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences \/ Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0317167100012403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T09:56:24Z","timestamp":1650794184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0317167100012403\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0317167100012403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0317167100012403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-1671","2057-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0317-1671","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}