{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T21:10:25Z","timestamp":1783199425561,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1006,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0317167100013287_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the clinical features of our sero-negative and sero-positive neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100013287_abs2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-nine patients with NMO were recruited and analyzed retrospectively. Serum aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody status was determined by a cell-based assay. For the sero-negative patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were re-tested using the cell-based assay and an indirect immunofluorescence assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100013287_abs3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>By the cell-based assay, 30 patients (76.92%, 30\/39), were positive for AQP4 antibodies in serum and 37 patients (94.9%, 37\/39), had a CSF-positive antibody status. Seven NMO patients (17.9%, 7\/39) were sero-negative by the cell-based assay but demonstrated positive CSF results. By indirect immunofluorescence, the remaining two patients, who had no AQP4 antibodies in serum or CSF by the cell-based assay, were positive for IgG antibodies in serum, which selectively targeted the central nervous system microvessels, pia, subpia, Virchow-Robin space, kidney, and stomach. There were no significant differences between the sero-positive and sero-negative NMO groups among their demographic and clinical data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100013287_abs4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeating the test using a different assay or CSF is helpful to clarify whether sero-negative NMO patients do in fact carry AQP4 antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100013287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T10:03:35Z","timestamp":1418378615000},"page":"232-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum-Positive and -Negative AQP4 Antibody NMO in Chinese Patients"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Youming","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.080390"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509106851"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21802"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0764","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"4","author":"Jarius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507087844"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm062","article-title":"Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO: a study on antibody titre","volume":"130","author":"Matsushita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.72"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507084595"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509104595"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm027"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000127978"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-52"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf151"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050304"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530802049921"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000345066.57745.50"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6093-y"},{"key":"S0317167100013287_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences \/ Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0317167100013287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T12:13:32Z","timestamp":1554984812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0317167100013287\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0317167100013287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0317167100013287","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-1671","2057-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0317-1671","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}