{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T03:44:21Z","timestamp":1771645461014,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411430400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":449,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100014670_abs1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>vascular dementia (VaD) and mixed Alzheimer's disease (AD\/VaD) are common. How best to monitor treatment is not clear. Our objective was to compare responsiveness and construct validity of change scores, following donepezil treatment, of the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (sMMSE) and other measures potentially usable in primary care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100014670_abs2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A six-month, outcome measurement study. The Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), CLOX-1 and 2, Phonetic Fluency, a short Neuropsychiatric Inventory, (the NPI-Q), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and the SymptomGuide\u2122 (SG) were measured. Construct validity was tested by correlating change scores, and responsiveness by calculating standardized response means (SRMs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100014670_abs3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 148 treated patients, 116 completed. The mean sMMSE increased by 0.7 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = -0.005, 1.41; p=0.06; SRM= 0.15). There was no statistically significant difference in the DAD. The NPI-Q (-1.4; 95% CI = -2.08, -0.72; p&lt;0.01; SRM=0.24), ClOX-1 (0.9; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.61; p&lt;0.01; SRM=0.21), ClOX-2 (0.9; 95% CI = 0.17, 1.63; p=0.03; SRM=0.26), Phonetic Fluency (0.9; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.61; p=0.02; SRM=0.21) and SG (0.35; 95% CI = 0.20,0.51; p&lt;0.01; SRM=0.28) each detected significant improvement. The CGI suggested improvement in 74 completers (64%) - mostly \u201cminimal\u201d (44\/116, 38%) - while 21\/116 (18%) were worse. Change scores at 24 weeks were at best modestly correlated with each other (range -0.22 to 0.30).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100014670_abs4\"><jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different measures showed different responsiveness, in a setting in which the mean treatment effect seems to have been small, but clinically detectable. Patient-centered and executive function measures might be useful in vascular and mixed dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100014670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1418378380000},"page":"564-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cognitive Change in Donepezil Treated Patients with Vascular or Mixed Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Rockwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Mitnitski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Defoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000120731.88236.33"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107319119900600204"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70040-1"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199700112-00003"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02122.x"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182299496"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.5.588"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1188"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000088494"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-011-0047-z"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.15.49"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00205.x"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.53.5.471"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000078943.50032.FC"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref019","first-page":"29","article-title":"Outcome measures for probable vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease with cerebrovascular disease","author":"Gauthier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract Suppl"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100008350"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref037","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.09.017"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.2.233"},{"key":"S0317167100014670_ref034","first-page":"e31","article-title":"Have last-observation-carried-forward analyses caused us to favour more toxic dementia therapies over less toxic alternatives? 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