{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T02:23:16Z","timestamp":1692670996544},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":761,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0317167100015602_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with dementia benefit from early assessment and diagnosis. In an attempt to identify factors leading to delay in referral, we investigated socio-demographic, clinical, and functional predictors of greater severity of cognitive impairment in dementia patients presenting to a memory clinic in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100015602_abs2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data collection began in 2004 at the Rural and Remote Memory Clinic in Saskatoon, where non-institutionalized patients were referred by their family physicians. The patient and caregiver questionnaires and assessments administered at the clinic day appointment provided the socio-demographic, clinical, and functional patient variables, as well as the caregiver stress and burden variables. The dependent variable was patient cognitive impairment, as measured by Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) scores. Variables underwent univariate linear regression with 3MS scores in order to determine possible associations. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of cognitive impairment severity at clinic presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100015602_abs3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our sample included 198 patients (62% female). The mean age was 73.9 years (SD=9.2). We found that an age and gender interaction, years of formal education, Functional Activities Questionnaire score, and Brief Symptom Inventory score were significantly associated with 3MS scores (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100015602_abs4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased cognitive impairment at presentation was predicted by fewer years of formal education, poorer functional ability, and less caregiver psychological distress. There was a significant interaction between age and gender: younger females were more cognitively impaired than younger males at clinic day, while in older patients, males were more cognitively impaired than females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100015602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T15:01:57Z","timestamp":1418396517000},"page":"774-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Predictors of Cognitive Impairment Severity in Rural Patients at a Memory Clinic"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Lacny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra G.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandima","family":"Karunanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860410001725018"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.5.1113"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref036","first-page":"M638","article-title":"The hierarchy of functional loss associated with cognitive decline in older persons","volume":"56A","author":"Njegovan","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref023","first-page":"314","article-title":"The modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Examination","volume":"48","author":"Teng","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatr"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60402-2"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.072306"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000277456.29440.16"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/37.3.323"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref001","volume-title":"The impact of Dementia on Canadian Society Executive Summary","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.3.295"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2308"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh018"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5116-4"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00060-7"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181a6bebc"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00356.x"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700048017"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref040","volume-title":"Poster presented at the 26th International Conference of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International","author":"Steward","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/42.5.643"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.10.002"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01447.x"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464810366564"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860802154432"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116694","article-title":"Association of education with reported age of onset and severity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease at presentation: implication for the use of clinical samples","volume":"137","author":"Moritz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/43.1.121"},{"key":"S0317167100015602_ref041","unstructured":"Statistics Canada, Life tables, Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2000-02. 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