{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:04:49Z","timestamp":1773302689262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14566,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. j. neurol. sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a review of the total care of those acute spinal cord injury patients in Ontario during the years 1969 and 1970, from extrication and transportation following the accident to death, or the completion of primary definitive rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Information was extracted from the available ambulance records, the patients and many of the responsible physicians were interviewed personally. The study was detailed and intensive and included a review of each patient's hospital records in each hospital up to discharge from the rehabilitation programme into the community, or to a chronic care unit. The data was compiled in accordance with a detailed and lengthy questionnaire developed for this study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The incidence of acute cord injuries in Ontario in 1969 and 1970 amounted to 244; in 1969, 15.9 per million population and in 1970, 13.6 per million. As in other studies road accidents took first place, followed by falls from a height; sports injuries ranked third and 65.7% of these were caused by diving into shallow water. Age incidence, and incidence by month, day of week and time of day were identified. Fridays and Saturday afternoons in July and August are particularly hazardous.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The study continued to the end of 1974 by which time 34 deaths had been recorded. Peak incidence of death occurred within fourteen days of injury. The most common cause of death was respiratory in origin.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Geographical distribution was identified and the type of hospital treating the acutely injured patient.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Fourteen percent of persons with spinal column injury suffered progressive or sequential spinal cord damage both prior to and following medical contact. The incidence of pressure sores and genitourinary sepsis and calculosis was high in all types of hospitals. The effect of operative treatment was noted in the cases of complete quadriplegia and paraplegia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Of the 133 survivors who undertook a rehabilitation program, 84% returned to their homes and 59% achieved gainful employment or ongoing education.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The cost was determined of general hospital services and rehabilitation programmes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A new model for the care of the spinal cord injury patients in Ontario was proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100020497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T11:31:33Z","timestamp":1469705493000},"page":"361-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Model for the Future Care of Acute Spinal Cord Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"E.H.","family":"Botterell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.T.","family":"Jousse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.S.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.G.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wynne-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.O.","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref021","first-page":"263","article-title":"Fracture, Dislocation and Fracture-Dislocation of the Spine","volume":"2","author":"McKenzie","year":"1935","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193710000-00026"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref023","author":"Meadows","year":"1972","journal-title":"The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome\u2019s Project on the Predicament of Mankind"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197301000-00016"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref002","author":"Botterell","year":"1939","journal-title":"Presentation at Canadian Medical Association Meeting, Montreal, Quebec"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref020","unstructured":"Jousse A.T. , Breithaupt D.J. , Wynne-Jones M. and Geisler W.O. (1975). Personal Communication."},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref017","first-page":"33","article-title":"Emergency Transportation in the Event of Acute Spinal Cord Lesion","volume":"12","author":"Hachen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref016","author":"Guttmann","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194307012290102"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref012","first-page":"163","article-title":"Organization of a Spinal Injury Unit Within a Rehabilitation Center","volume":"5","author":"Gregg","year":"1967","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1973.39.1.0052"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.40.1.0003"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref019","unstructured":"Jackson R.W. (1975). Surgical Stabilization of the Spine. In press 1975 (to be published in Paraplegia, August, 1975)."},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref032","unstructured":"Tator C.H. (1974). Personal Communication."},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.29.2.0113"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(39)90309-0"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193603262141302"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref028","first-page":"145","article-title":"The Medical and Economic Fate of Twenty-Nine Industrial Spinal Cord Injured Patients","volume":"12","author":"Peerless","year":"1974","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref003","unstructured":"Coyle T.F. and Bulmer E. (1975). Personal Communication."},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref030","author":"Rossier","year":"1973","journal-title":"The Value of Gas Myelography in the Early Management of Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries. Presented at the Joint Conference of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia and the U.S. Veterans Administration Spinal Cord Injury Conference, Scottsdale, Arizona, October 1973 and at a meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref009","author":"Gillingham","year":"1974","journal-title":"Personal Communication"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1969.30.6.0693"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref027","volume-title":"The Urological Management of the Patient Following Spinal Cord Injury","author":"Pearman","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref015","first-page":"63","article-title":"The Value of Intermittent Catheterization in the Early Management of Traumatic Paraplegia and Tetraplegia","volume":"4","author":"Guttmann","year":"1966","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref014","article-title":"Management of Paralysis. In: Intermittent Catheterization","volume":"6","author":"Guttmann","year":"1949","journal-title":"British Surgical Practice"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref004","first-page":"156","article-title":"Skeletal Traction for Dislocation of the Cervical Spine, Report of a Case","volume":"2","author":"Crutchfield","year":"1933","journal-title":"Southern Surgeon"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref010","article-title":"Neglect of Urinary Tract and Kidneys in Paraplegic Patients Can Be Euthanasia in Disguise, CMA President Warns Doctors","author":"Gingras","year":"1973","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref011","first-page":"15","article-title":"The Flying Squad and the Paraplegic Unit (Preliminary Report)","volume":"2","author":"Gregg","year":"1964","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02477154"},{"key":"S0317167100020497_ref013","unstructured":"Gregg T.M. (1975). 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