{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T22:02:45Z","timestamp":1773093765859,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8814,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. j. neurol. sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurologic manifestations, afflicting up to 70% of SLE patients, include psychosis, seizures, chorea, neuropathies, and stroke. MRI is useful in evaluation of lupus patients and several reports have documented cerebral atrophy or focal hyperintensities. We report an unusual MRI appearance in a 56-year-old woman with SLE, diagnosed on the basis of pleuritis, lymphopenia, anti-DNA antibodies, and neurologic involvement. She reported recent onset of Raynaud's phenomenon and generalized macular rash. She presented after two months of gradual deterioration with memory loss, flattened affect, dysphagia, dysarthria, anomia, and somnolence, without focal neurologic signs. Investigations included elevated ESR, reduced complement, normal CSF without oligoclonal bands, negative viral serology, normal hormone and vitamin levels, normal renal and hepatic function. Neuropsychologic testing showed widespread impairment (WAIS-R: FSIQ-63; WMS-69; DRS-98; RCPM-14; WAB AQ-78.8). CT was normal but MRI showed strikingly symmetric, confluent hyperintensities extensively involving cerebral and cerebellar white matter on Tl and T2 weighted scans. Basal ganglia and subependymal and subcortical white matter were spared. Treated with prednisone, the patient made a gradual, but incomplete, recovery. These MRI findings may reflect widespread vasculopathy or direct immunologic brain insult with or without imunologic blood-brain barrier disruption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100031929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T11:41:54Z","timestamp":1469706114000},"page":"344-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Dementia with Leukoencephalopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kirk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kertesz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marsha J.","family":"Polk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1960.01710020089011"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1960.01710060040007"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(89)90403-8"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref034","first-page":"88","article-title":"Analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involving the central nervous system by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"29","author":"Suzuki","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ryumachi"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref033","first-page":"601","article-title":"Central nervous system lupus erythematosus: the value of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"15","author":"Jacobs","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198306000-00015"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref028","article-title":"The selective value of computer assisted tomography (CAT) of the brain in cerebritis due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)","volume":"24","author":"Gaylis","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/124.1.119"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref024","first-page":"855","article-title":"Cranial computerized tomography in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"Carette","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-1591(88)90024-4"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100028183","article-title":"Lupus anticoagulant, antiphospholipid antibodies and migraine","volume":"15","author":"Hogan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638708405054"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310202"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref015","first-page":"333","article-title":"Brain-reactivity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in SLE with and without cerebral involvement","volume":"30","author":"Bresnihan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520200078024"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.12.1014"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(83)80287-1"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050209"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197607000-00004"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(79)80009-8"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310507"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0307-742X(21)00206-X","article-title":"CNS lupus","volume":"8","author":"Bresnihan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Rheum Dis"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.2.114"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref030","first-page":"1027","article-title":"MR imaging of systemic lupus erythematosus involving the brain","volume":"144","author":"Aisen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280710"},{"key":"S0317167100031929_ref027","first-page":"628","article-title":"Lawless OG. 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