{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:45:45Z","timestamp":1786999545820,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10548,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. j. neurol. sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 1949, amphetamine sulfate was replaced by propylhexedrine in the nasal decongestant agent\nBenzedrex\u00ae because of psychosis, sudden death, and widespread abuse. Propylhexedrine is not without risks, and reported cases of psychosis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension, and sudden death are well documented in the medical literature. We are reporting 2 cases of definite brainstem dysfunction and 5 cases of transient diplopia secondary to IV abuse of Benzedrex\u00ae. This widely abused drug is prepared by heating Benzedrex\u00ae and hydrochloric acid, and the resulting crystals are dissolved in water for injection. This agent is called \u201cstove-top speed\u201d. All 7 patients had transient diplopia, within seconds after injection. One patient had evidence of a right-internuclear opthalmoplegia, and another had a depressed right gag reflex and paralysis of the right half of the tongue. The deficits in these two patients, persisted for many months. In young adults with history of drug abuse, the IV use of Benzedrex\u00ae should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transient or permanent focal brainstem deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100036696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T07:37:55Z","timestamp":1469691475000},"page":"337-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intravenous Abuse of Propylhexedrine (Benzedrex\u00ae) and the Risk of Brainstem Dysfunction in Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Fornazzari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Carlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhushan M.","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref019","first-page":"51","article-title":"The non convulsive epilepsies: Clinical manifestations, diagnostic considerations and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Goldensohn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref017","first-page":"97","volume-title":"(Editors): Current Concepts on Amphetamine abuse","author":"Escalante","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/101.2.345"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90063-9"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563658208990370"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5802.730"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref007","first-page":"302","article-title":"Propylhexedrine (Benzedrex) psychosis","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","year":"1972","journal-title":"New Zealand Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref006","first-page":"676","article-title":"Psychosis and nasal decongestants","volume":"209","author":"Pallis","year":"1972","journal-title":"The Practitioner"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.129.1.93a"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1947.02890140029007"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194508302330904"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11435J"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1939.72800360001010"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref004","first-page":"204","article-title":"Benzedrine intoxication","volume":"6","author":"Gyorgy","year":"1946","journal-title":"Bull US Army M Dept"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04210070043012"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1983.tb03149.x"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197711102971920","article-title":"Intravenous propylhexedrine and sudden death","volume":"297","author":"White","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197011052831901"},{"key":"S0317167100036696_ref014","first-page":"679","volume-title":"Propylhexedrine. Disposition of toxic drugs","author":"Beselt","year":"1982"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences \/ Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0317167100036696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T23:21:06Z","timestamp":1558480866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0317167100036696\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0317167100036696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0317167100036696","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-1671","2057-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0317-1671","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]}}}