{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T09:08:53Z","timestamp":1760346533525},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10548,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurotransmitter replacement therapy in Alzheimer's Disease is currently being attempted using bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) infused intracerebroventricularly with an Infusaid continuous infusion pump. The rationale of this therapy is based on the severe cortical pre-synaptic cholinergic deficit in the presence of relatively normal post-synaptic muscarinic receptor density. Patients are selected on the basis of strict clinical criteria at a functional stage 4 or 5 of Reisberg. A cortical biopsy at the time of pump and catheter implantation confirms the diagnosis by histological and biochemical examination. Pre-operative, post-operative and serial mental status assessments combined with functional ADL assessments monitor changes in behavior. A 6 months double-blind treatment period is done in every patient, who is then free to continue if he has improved on active treatment. This specific study is part of a multi-centre trial. Other therapeutic trials using somatostatin analogs, such as Sandostatin, could then be done. The biological effects of the latter compound are being studied currently in adult Green Vervet monkeys, prior to its use in Alzheimer patients. Furthermore autoradiography of bethanechol and peptides labeled with <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C administered in these animals by intracerebroventricular infusion will allow a better knowledge of their pharmacological site of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100036969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T11:38:05Z","timestamp":1469705885000},"page":"394-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Transmitter-replacement Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease Using Intracerebroventricular Infusions of Receptor Agonists"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Leblanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Quirion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Dastoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Ervin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gauvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Palmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Robitaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198410000-00007"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2861661"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/314092a0"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref026","first-page":"183","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Somatostatin loss in area of maximal fluorodeoxyglucose reduction","volume":"35","author":"Tamminga","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170608"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref025","first-page":"215","article-title":"Somatostatin: Alterations in the central nervous system in neurological diseases","author":"Beal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuropeptides in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disease"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90180-0"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref027","first-page":"265","article-title":"a somatostatin analog: An assessment of memory function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Cutler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7058341"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(81)90106-4"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref018","first-page":"111","article-title":"Neuronalloss, neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degeneration in the hippocampus with ageing and dementia","volume":"37","author":"Ball","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/319593a0"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458209147153"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.12.1297"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90224-6"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1982.tb02835.x"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.5.625"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.252.19.2750"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/288279a0"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.3.229"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(82)90099-6"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(86)90013-8"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902400306","article-title":"Somastostatin receptors: Distribution in rat central nervous system and human frontal cortex","volume":"240","author":"Uhi","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.12.1552"},{"key":"S0317167100036969_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.9.1136","article-title":"The global deterioration scale (GDS): An instrument for the assessment of primary degenerative dementia","volume":"139","author":"Reisberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Psychiat"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences \/ Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0317167100036969","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T03:29:57Z","timestamp":1558495797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0317167100036969\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0317167100036969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0317167100036969","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-1671","2057-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0317-1671","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]}}}