{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:58Z","timestamp":1786999618211,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451952000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10384,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) has been proposed to result from the interaction of aging and environment in susceptible individuals. Defective metabolism of debrisoquine, inherited as an autosomal recessive, has been associated with this susceptibility. In 35 PD patients and 19 age-matched controls, no significant differences in debrisoquine metabolism were found, although a trend to impaired metabolism was noted in patients with disease onset \u226440. Foci of PD patients were associated with rural living and well water drinking, or rural living coupled with market gardening or wood pulp mills. In a questionnaire survey, patients with PD onset \u2264age 47 were significantly more likely to have lived in rural areas and to have drunk well water than those with onset \u2265age 54 (p\u22640.01). Because of population mobility in North America, a case-control study designed to test environmental, occupational, dietary and other proposed risk factors for PD was conducted in China, where the population is more stationary and the environment more stable. No significant differences in incidences of head trauma, smoking or childhood measles were found between patients and controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100037835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T07:39:11Z","timestamp":1469691551000},"page":"419-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man-Ling","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zho-Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Ling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Chiung","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Gilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce S.","family":"Schoenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6823561"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100046321"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Paralysis agitans: A clinical and genetic study","volume":"54","author":"Mj\u00f6nes","year":"1949","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Neurol"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6519.534"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref008","first-page":"465","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: genetic analysis and evidence of a multifactorial etiology","volume":"48","author":"Kondo","year":"1973","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1977.00500140053010"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref024","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.16.10.1051"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref044","first-page":"79","article-title":"Influenzaand Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"92","author":"Moore","year":"1977","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.8.839"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160303"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref033","first-page":"93","article-title":"Utilization of antiparkinson drugs in Sweden","author":"Aquilonius","year":"1986","journal-title":"Upsala J Med Sci"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90015-X"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90802-4"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710004364X"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref026","first-page":"308","article-title":"Early parkinsonism in humans due to MPTP exposure","volume":"36","author":"Tetrud","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-190403000-00004"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100045273"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/1411377","volume-title":"A manual of diseases of the nervous system","author":"Gowers","year":"1888"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/96.3.495"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref010","first-page":"486","volume-title":"Progress in Neurogenetics","author":"Myrianthopoulos","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100046308"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100036362"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref014","first-page":"492","volume-title":"Progress in Neurogenetics","author":"Duvoisin","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.7.815"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.2.128"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref016","first-page":"93","article-title":"Finnish Parkinson\u2019s disease twin studv: Preliminary results","author":"Marttila","year":"1986","journal-title":"Upsala J Med Sci"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref017","first-page":"77","article-title":"Recent Advances in Research on Parkinsonism","author":"Rinne","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd Scandinavian Congress of Neurology. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref020","first-page":"261","article-title":"Debrisoquine metabolism in Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Cornelia","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref022","first-page":"78","article-title":"Chronic manganese poisoning in the dry battery industry","volume":"28","author":"Emara","year":"1971","journal-title":"Brit J Indust Med"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref023","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Normal Aging, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Senile Dementia. Aspects of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Garruto","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref027","first-page":"23","volume-title":"MPTP: A neurotoxin producing a parkinsonian syndrome","author":"Burns","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200403"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198308043090511","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease in a chemist working with 1 -methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine","volume":"309","author":"Langston","year":"1983","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/317198a0","article-title":"Predicting Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"317","author":"Solomon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100036635"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref032","first-page":"13","volume-title":"VIII International Symposium on Parkinson\u2019s Disease","author":"Barbeau","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref038","volume-title":"Case-control studies: Design, conduct, analysis","author":"Schlesselman","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref034","first-page":"215","article-title":"Influence of environmental factors on the onset of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)","volume":"36","author":"Tanner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref035","volume-title":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous system","volume":"1","author":"Charcot","year":"1887"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060070045013"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.7.577"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.2.284"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114183"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref047","volume-title":"An essay on the shaking palsy","author":"Parkinson","year":"1817"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520080022014"},{"key":"S0317167100037835_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90743-3"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences \/ Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0317167100037835","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T17:52:15Z","timestamp":1558374735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0317167100037835\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0317167100037835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0317167100037835","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-1671","2057-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0317-1671","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]}}}