{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T11:46:53Z","timestamp":1791028013241,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7169,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. j. neurol. sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100039184_abs1\"><jats:title><jats:italic><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic><\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptomatic (secondary) dystonias associated isolated lesions in the brain provide insight into etiopathogenesis of the idiopathic form of dystonia and are a basis for establishing the possible correlation between the anatomy of a lesion and the type of dystonia according to muscles affected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100039184_abs2\"><jats:title><jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic><\/jats:title><jats:p>In 358 patients with differently distributed dystonias, a group of 16 patients (4.5%) was encountered in whom dystonia was associated with focal brain lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100039184_abs3\"><jats:title><jats:italic><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic><\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 16 patients, 3 patients had generalized, 3 segmental and 4 hemidystonia, while the remaining 6 patients had focal dystonia. The most frequent etiologies were infarction in 7, and tumor in 4 patients. These lesions were usually found in the lenticular and caudate nucleus, thalamus, and in the case of blepharospasm in the upper brainstem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100039184_abs4\"><jats:title><jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic><\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results support the suggestion that dystonia is caused by a dysfunction of the basal ganglia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100039184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T09:13:08Z","timestamp":1455700388000},"page":"53-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Symptomatic Dystonias Associated with Structural Brain Lesions: Report of 16 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Vladimir 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