{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T02:41:06Z","timestamp":1761964866557},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470268800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6029,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. j. neurol. sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100051982_abs1\"><jats:title>Background\/Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of head\/neck trauma preceding cervical dystonia (CD) has been reported to be 5-21%. There are few reports comparing the clinical characteristics of patients with and without a history of injury. Our aim was to compare the clinical characteristics of idiopathic CD (CD-I) to those with onset precipitated by trauma (CD-T). Methods: We evaluated 114 consecutive patients with CD over a 9-month period. All patients were interviewed using a detailed questionnaire and had a neurological examination. Their clinical charts were also reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100051982_abs2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated 114 consecutive patients with CD over a 9-month period. All patients were interviewed using a detailed questionnaire and had a neurological examination. Their clinical charts were also reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100051982_abs3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen patients (12%) had mild head\/neck injury within a year preceding the onset of CD. Between the two groups (CD-I and CD-T), the gender distribution (F:M of 3:2), family history of movement disorders (32% vs. 29%), the prevalence of gestes antagonistes (65% vs. 64%), and response to botulinum toxin were similar. There were non-specific trends, including an earlier age of onset (mean ages 43.3 vs. 37.6), higher prevalence of neck pain (86% vs. 100%), head tremor (67% vs. 79%), and dystonia in other body parts (23% vs. 36%) in CD-T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167100051982_abs4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD-I and CD-T are clinically similar. Trauma may be a triggering factor in CD but this was only supported by non-significant trends in its earlier age of onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100051982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T09:58:29Z","timestamp":1495533509000},"page":"55-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Post-traumatic Cervical Dystonia: A Distinct 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