{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:58:49Z","timestamp":1785427129660,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0714980826100634_sec21\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early-onset frontotemporal dementia (EO-FTD) presents before age 65 and is frequently misdiagnosed as psychiatric or behavioural disorders, delaying care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0714980826100634_sec22\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review synthesizes research on EO-FTD\u2019s earliest cognitive symptoms from patients, companions (family and friends), healthcare professionals, and cognitive tests to promote early detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0714980826100634_sec23\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of six databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses) identified 2197 studies of which 16 met inclusion criteria, encompassing 663 EO-FTD participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0714980826100634_sec24\">\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 35 unique cognitive symptoms were identified. Memory, attention, and executive dysfunction were most frequently reported. Symptom terminology varied widely, often mirroring cognitive test phrasing, limiting clinical applicability. Many studies relied on cognitive test scores rather than detailed symptom descriptions, with patient and companion reports underrepresented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0714980826100634_sec024\" sec-type=\"discussion\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings underscore the need for standardized nomenclature, improved assessment tools, and greater inclusion of patient and companion perspectives to enhance EO-FTD early diagnosis and intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0714980826100634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:03:18Z","timestamp":1775811798000},"page":"299-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Symptoms Preceding a Diagnosis of Early-Onset Frontotemporal Dementia: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3329-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy","family":"Milner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema M.","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Dennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada W.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Canadian Association on Gerontology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}