{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:28:16Z","timestamp":1758122896333},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5495,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report the results of an acute-phase and continuation-phase study of the pharmacological treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorders. The acute phase study, with a duration of 6-8 weeks, aimed at developing effect sizes (ES) for lithium, divalproex sodium, and carbamazepine, in the acute phase treatment of Bipolar I or II children and adolescents during a mixed or manic episode. During the acute-phase of treatment, 42 outpatients with a mean age of 11.4 yr. (20 with Bipolar I Disorder and 22 with Bipolar II Disorder) were randomly assigned to 6-8 weeks of open treatment with either lithium, divalproex sodium, or carbamazepine. The primary efficacy measures were the weekly CGI Improvement scores and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Using a \u2265 50% change from baseline to exit in the Y-MRS scores to define response, the effect size for divalproex sodium was 1.63,1.06 for lithium, and 1.00 for carbamazepine. Using this same response measure with the intent-to-treat sample, the response rates were: sodium divalproex 53%; lithium 38%; and carbamazepine 38% (<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic> 2=0.85, 2 d.f., p=0.60). Thirty-five subjects continued in open, treatment for another 16-18 weeks, for a total of 24 weeks of prospective treatment. Overall, of the thirty-five continuation phase subjects, thirty (85%) were categorized as responders at the end of the continuation phase of treatment. Of these thirty-five subjects, 13 (37%) were only on a single mood stabilizer and no other psychotropic agents at the end of the continuation phase. Thirty-one percent of subjects in continuation were also treated with a stimulant medication in addition to mood stabilizers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s092427080003564x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T01:24:09Z","timestamp":1469496249000},"page":"145-149","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Acute and continuation pharmacological treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorders; a summary of two previous studies"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"R.A.","family":"Kowatch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Th.J.","family":"Carmody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Suppes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.H.","family":"Hume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kromelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.J.","family":"Emslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.A.","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199802000-00009"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510360044034"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00123-6"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref008","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200006000-00009"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199506000-00013"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199504000-00012"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790330076009"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199709000-00008"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60603-8"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref005","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"S092427080003564X_ref007","volume-title":"J Am Acad Child Adoles Psychialry","author":"Kowatch","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S092427080003564X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T16:37:31Z","timestamp":1557333451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S092427080003564X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S092427080003564X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s092427080003564x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-2708","1601-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-2708","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2000","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}