{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:39:02Z","timestamp":1768880342609,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371600000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Cult Prop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In December 2000, a World Indigenous Peoples Forum was held in conjunction with the 24th session of UNESCO's World Heritage Committee in Cairns, Australia. Representatives from Australia, Canada, and New Zealand harnessed the momentum of these events and their location to propose the formation of a new committee, the World Heritage Indigenous Peoples Council of Experts (WHIPCOE). The initiative was taken in response to concerns voiced by indigenous peoples to their lack of involvement in the development and implementation of laws, policies, and plans for the protection of their knowledge, traditions, and cultural values, which apply to their ancestral lands, within or comprising sites now designated as World Heritage properties. This article traces the fate of that proposal and underlines the intransigence of sovereign states during those short-lived discussions. It goes on to suggest alternate routes for indigenous representation and recognition within the World Heritage system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0940739113000039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T08:42:20Z","timestamp":1371631340000},"page":"155-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["UNESCO and the Fate of the World Heritage Indigenous Peoples Council of Experts (WHIPCOE)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lynn","family":"Meskell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04531-8_11"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13527258.2012.663779"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1469605304039850"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref059","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People. New York: United Nations. http:\/\/www.un.org\/Docs\/journal\/asp\/ws.asp?m=A\/RES\/61\/295 (2 October 2007)."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref058","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. New York: United Nations. http:\/\/www.un.org\/Overview\/rights.html (10 December 1948)."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref057","volume-title":"Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref051","volume-title":"Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13527258.2011.618246"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0940739102771427"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8322.2009.00666.x"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref047","volume-title":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): Creating Norms for a Complex World","author":"Singh","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359183508090895"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref045","volume-title":"Cultural Governance: Zur Kulturgeographie Des UNESCO-Welterberegimes","author":"Schmitt","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3112\/erdkunde.2009.02.01"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/0093469012Z.00000000014"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref056","unstructured":"UNESCO. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Paris: UNESCO. http:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/sessions\/25COM\/documents\/ (17 October 2003)."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13527258.2011.637573"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref060","volume-title":"A History of UNESCO","author":"Valderrama","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref031","first-page":"439","volume-title":"The Ashgate Companion to Heritage and Identity","author":"Logan","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref029","volume-title":"Native Title and the Transformation of Archaeology in the Postcolonial World","author":"Lilley","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1469605307077466"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/135050305793137477"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref026","first-page":"317","article-title":"Ancestral Landscapes and World Heritage from a Maori Viewpoint","volume":"118","author":"Kawharu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Polynesian Society"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/20441261111129942"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref024","unstructured":"International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/CESCR.aspx (1966; accessed May 2013)."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13527258.2011.654236"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/135050308X12513845914507"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref019","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Intangible Heritage","author":"Hafstein","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref018","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Human Rights: An Anthropological Reader","author":"Ericksen","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref016","unstructured":"Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). \u201cPermanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Eleventh Session.\u201d http:\/\/www.un.org\/News\/Press\/docs\/2012\/hr5093.doc.htm (15 May 2011)."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref015","volume-title":"Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: Components of a Global Strategy","author":"Droste","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref053","volume-title":"Report of the Rapporteur on the Twenty-Fifth Session of the World Heritage Committee","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref014","volume-title":"Humanity in the Making: Overview of the Intellectual History of UNESCO 1945\u20132005","author":"Droit","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref013","first-page":"167","volume-title":"World Heritage and Cultural Diversity","author":"Disko","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref012","unstructured":"De Cesari C. \u201cWorld Heritage and National Sovereignty: On Palestine's UNESCO Bid.\u201d Weblog entry, Leiden-Stanford Heritage Network . http:\/\/www.networkedheritage.org\/2011\/12\/06\/world-heritage-and-national-sovereignty-on-palestine%E2%80%99s-unesco-bid\/ (6 December 2011)."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0033.2004.00045.x"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10824-012-9169-3"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref005","unstructured":"Baird Melissa F. \u201cThe Politics of Place: Heritage, Identity, and the Epistemologies of Cultural Landscape.\u201d PhD diss., Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, 2009."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref003","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Heritage and Globalisation","author":"Askew","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02632764070240072506"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13527250701570515"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref037","first-page":"149","article-title":"From Paris to Pontdrift: UNESCO Meetings, Mapungubwe and Mining","volume":"66","author":"Meskell","year":"2011","journal-title":"South African Archaeological Bulletin"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref023","unstructured":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. http:\/\/www.hrcr.org\/docs\/Civil&Political\/intlcivpol.html (1966; accessed 14 May 2013)."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref006","volume-title":"World Heritage: Challenges for the Millennium","author":"Bandarin","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref063","unstructured":"World Heritage Indigenous People's Council of Experts (WHIPCOE). \u201cThese Are Our Powerful Words: Summary Report of the Working Group Workshop on the World Heritage Indigenous People's Council of Experts.\u201d Winnipeg, Manitoba, 5\u20138 November 2001."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref004","unstructured":"Australia ICOMOS. Statement on Indigenous Cultural Heritage. November, 2001."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref030","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Cultural Heritage and Human Rights","author":"Logan","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iclq\/53.1.189"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref021","first-page":"6","article-title":"World Heritage and Indigeneity","volume":"62","author":"Heuheu","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Heritage"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref041","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Voices in American Archaeology","author":"Pauketat","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref052","unstructured":"UNESCO. Progress Report on the Proposed World Heritage Indigenous Peoples Council of Experts (WHIPCOE). Paris, UNESCO, 2001."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref010","first-page":"44","article-title":"World Heritage and Indigenous Peoples: The Evolution of an Important Relationship","volume":"62","author":"Cameron","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Heritage"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822392422-002"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref054","volume-title":"Report on the Proposed World Heritage Indigenous Peoples Council of Experts (WHIPCOE)","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1469605313476783"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref017","unstructured":"Economist. \u201cUNESCO's World Heritage Sites: A Danger List in Danger.\u201d http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/16891951 (26 August 2010)."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref022","volume-title":"An Idea and Its Servants: UNESCO from Within","author":"Hoggart","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref055","volume-title":"Report on the Twenty-Fifth Session of the World Heritage Committee","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref032","first-page":"14","article-title":"Playing the Devil's Advocate: Protecting Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Infringement of Human Rights","volume":"22","author":"Logan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Historic Environment"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/anq.2002.0050"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref042","volume-title":"From the Labyrinth of the World to the Paradise of the Heart: Science and Humanism in UNESCO's Approach to Globalization","author":"Pavone","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref039","unstructured":"Musitelli J. \u201cLetter to the World Heritage Center\u201d (25 September 2001). Paris: UNESCO."},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1425.2009.01135.x"},{"key":"S0940739113000039_ref011","unstructured":"Cleary S. J. \u201cLetter to the World Heritage Center\u201d (21 September 2001). Paris: UNESCO."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cultural Property"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0940739113000039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T21:57:37Z","timestamp":1556056657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0940739113000039\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0940739113000039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0940739113000039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-7391","1465-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-7391","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}}}