{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T17:27:44Z","timestamp":1785864464009,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Data on the pre-vaccination patterns of infection for measles, mumps and rubella are collated \nfrom a number of European countries in order to compare the epidemiology of the three \nviruses. Key epidemiological parameters, such as the age-specific force of infection and the \nbasic reproduction number (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) are estimated from case notification or serological data using \nstandard techniques. A method is described to compare force of infection estimates derived \nfrom serological data. Analysis suggests that the pre-vaccination patterns of measles and \nmumps infection in the different countries were similar. In contrast, the epidemiology of rubella \nwas highly variable between countries. This suggests that it may be acceptable to use parameter \nvalues estimated from other countries to model measles and mumps transmission, but that this \napproach to modelling rubella transmission requires more caution. Estimates of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> depend on \nunderlying mixing assumptions. Constraints were placed on <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> estimates by utilising knowledge \nof likely mixing patterns. The estimates for <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> were highest for measles, intermediate for \nmumps, and generally lowest for rubella. Analysis of within- and between-age-group \ntransmission rates suggested that mumps transmission tends to be more concentrated within \nyoung children than the other two viruses. The implications for the design of immunization \nprogrammes are that mumps may be the easiest to control via infant immunization since it is \npredominantly transmitted between the very young and the variability in rubella epidemiology \nrequires that careful consideration of the possible effects of vaccination options should be made \nusing local data when planning rubella immunization programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800004672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:23:42Z","timestamp":1027761822000},"page":"635-650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["The pre-vaccination epidemiology of measles, mumps and rubella in Europe: implications for modelling studies"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"W. J.","family":"EDMUNDS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"GAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"KRETZSCHMAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. G.","family":"PEBODY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"WACHMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800004672","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T15:48:53Z","timestamp":1557330533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800004672\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800004672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800004672","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}}}