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The frequency of isolation of pathogens during episodes of diarrhoea was compared with that of matched controls from the same cohort. Incidence of diarrhoea during the first year of life was 98%, diminishing to 93% during the second year. The incidence curves for each year were not significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt; 0\u00b71). Isolation of enteropathogenic<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, enterotoxigenic<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>producing heat-stable (ST) and\/or heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins and rotaviruses was significantly higher in infants with diarrhoea during the first 2 years of life. In the case of shigella, although no significant differences were found by semester of life, 13 of 16 children in which these strains were found had diarrhoea. Isolation of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>spp. and protozoa were not significantly different in the two groups during the period studied. Strains showing localized adherence to HEp-2 cells or the presence of colonization factor antigens I or E8775 were found with significantly higher frequency in children with diarrhoea. Eighty-two percent of ST<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>or LT<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>ETEC strains isolated produced one of the three known colonization factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800029289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T09:35:28Z","timestamp":1242380128000},"page":"123-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Prospective study of diarrhoeal disease in a cohort of rural Mexican children: incidence and isolated pathogens during the first two years of life"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cravioto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa 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