{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T06:36:17Z","timestamp":1759991777744},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7227,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>A serological survey for leptospiral agglutinins was undertaken between 1980 and 1983 in over 500 Barbadian and 500 Trinidadian school-children aged 7\u201314 years. The children were selected randomly from urban and rural schools, and examined three times at approximately annual intervals. A total of 12\u00b75% of the Barbadian children and 9\u00b75% of the Trinidadian children were seropositive at a titre of 50 using the microscopic agglutination test. On both islands, seroprevalence was higher in males than females, the difference being significant in rural schools. There was no evidence of a difference in prevalence between urban and rural schools, or between junior and secondary age-ranges. Analysis of the association of serology with socio-economic and behavioural factors showed a significant association in Trinidad with father's occupation, but most other variables on both islands showed only weak non-significant associations. Fourteen children in Trinidad and three in Barbados seroconverted. Seroconversion in Trinidad occurred at a rate of 1\u00b76% per annum and was significantly associated with livestock contact and with absence of a tapped water supply. In Trinidad, Autumnalis was the most commonly recorded serogroup, but this accounted for less than a quarter of seropositives. In Barbados, Panama accounted for over half the seropositives and was about four times more common than the next most common serogroup, Autumnalis. In Barbados, 39 persons aged 19 or less were hospitalized with leptospirosis between November 1979 and December 1986. Average annual incidence rates were 2\u00b72, 4\u00b79 and 13\u00b73 per 100000 in the 5\u00b79, 10\u00b714 and 15\u00b719 age-groups, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800030442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1242379608000},"page":"143-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Leptospiral infection in school-children from Trinidad and Barbados"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"C. O. R","family":"Everard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. N.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref010","first-page":"377","article-title":"ELISA for the detection of specific IgM and IgG in human leptospirosis","volume":"131","author":"Terpstra","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref009","volume-title":"Guidelines for the control of leptospirosis","author":"Fame","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref007","volume-title":"Properties of the monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma technology and their application to the study of disease. Proceedings of a symposium held at the National University Singapore","author":"Galfre","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(80)90146-5"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90062-2"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref001","volume-title":"Leptospirosis in man and animals","author":"Alston","year":"1958"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref012","first-page":"126","article-title":"The incidence of severe leptospirosis in Trinidad","volume":"39","author":"Everard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref002","volume-title":"The biology of parasitic spirochetes","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1965"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref004","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Leptospirosis: methods in laboratory diagnosis","author":"Sulzer","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref005","first-page":"77","article-title":"The genus Leptospira Noguehi, 1917. Problems of classification and a suggested system based on antigenic analysis","volume":"6","author":"Wolff","year":"1954","journal-title":"Doc Med Geograph Trop"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90246-9"},{"key":"S0950268800030442_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90216-5"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800030442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]],"date-time":"2019-05-19T19:55:16Z","timestamp":1558295716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800030442\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800030442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800030442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]}}}