{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:41:10Z","timestamp":1791178870465,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6253,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results are presented from a number of epidemiological studies using enzyme immunoassays (EIA) based on the purified anthrax toxin antigens, protective antigen, lethal factor and oedema factor. Studies on sera from a group of 62 human anthrax patients in Turkey and from cattle in Britain following two unrelated outbreaks of anthrax show that EIA using protective antigen can be a useful diagnostic aid and will detect subclinical infections in appropriate circumstances. A serological survey on wildlife in the Etosha National Park, Namibia, where anthrax is endemic, showed that naturally acquired anthrax-specific antibodies are rare in herbivores but common in carnivores; in carnivores, titres appear to reflect the prevalence of anthrax in their ranges. Problems, as yet unresolved, were encountered in studies on sera from pigs following an outbreak of anthrax on a farm in Wales.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Clinical details, including treatment, of the human and one of the bovine outbreaks are summarized and discussed in relation to the serological findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800049773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T09:08:04Z","timestamp":1242378484000},"page":"299-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Serology and anthrax in humans, livestock and Etosha National Park wildlife"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"P. C. B.","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Doganay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. M.","family":"Lindeque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Aygen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.52.2.356-363.1986","article-title":"Development of antibodies to protective antigen and lethal factor components of anthrax toxin in humans and guinea pigs and their relevance to protective immunity","volume":"52","author":"Turnbull","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.95.3.907-918.1968","article-title":"Purification and properties of in vitro-produced anthrax toxin components","volume":"95","author":"Fish","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref013","unstructured":"13 Kobuch WE , Davis J , Fleischer K , Isa\u00e4cson M , Turnbull PCB . 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The detection of antibodies against the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis in infected persons by enzyme-immunoassay (EIA). In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Anthrax. 11\u201313 April 1989. Winchester, UK,Turnbull PCB, ed. Salisbury Med Bull 1990. No. 68. Special suppl: 75\u20136."},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.4.706"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref018","first-page":"93","article-title":"Further progress in understanding anthrax in the Etosha National Park","volume":"16","author":"Turnbull","year":"1989","journal-title":"Madoqua"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.128.17.399"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00152686"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.52.2.454-458.1986","article-title":"Immunization studies with attenuated strains of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"52","author":"Ivins","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.2.303-308.1990","article-title":"Immunization against anthrax with aromatic compound dependent (Aro-) mutants of Bacillus anthracis and with recombinant strains of Bacillus subtilis that produce anthrax protective antigen","volume":"58","author":"Irvins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref026","unstructured":"26 Turnbull PCB . Terminal bacterial and toxin levels in the blood of guinea pigs dying of anthrax. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Anthrax. 11\u201313 April 1989, Winchester UK,Turnbull PCB, ed. Salisbury Med Bull 1990. No. 68. Special suppl: 53\u20135."},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref030","first-page":"321","article-title":"An outbreak of anthrax in pigs: a practitioner's account","volume":"127","author":"Edginton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref031","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Topley and Wilson's principles of bacteriology, virology and immunity","volume":"3","author":"Turnbull","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref025","unstructured":"25 Ferrier GR , Spencer TL , Patten B . Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Bacillus anthracis in serum from sheep and cattle. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Anthrax. 11\u201313 April 1989, Winchester UK,Turnbull PCB, ed. Salisbury Med Bull 1990. No. 68. Special suppl: 77\u20138."},{"key":"S0950268800049773_ref024","unstructured":"24 Turnbull PCB , Quinn CP , Hewson R , Stockbridge MC , Melling J . Protection conferred by microbially-supplemented UK and purified PA vaccines. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Anthrax. 11\u201313 April 1989, Winchester UK,Turnbull PCB, ed. Salisbury Med Bull 1990. No. 68 Special suppl: 89\u201391."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800049773","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T11:09:06Z","timestamp":1710328146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800049773\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800049773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800049773","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 1992","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}