{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:53:28Z","timestamp":1771001608093,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6009,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 598 isolates of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species (24 <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>, 254 <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>, 30 <jats:italic>S. boydii<\/jats:italic>, 290 <jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>) submitted to the Ontario Public Health Laboratories in 1990 were tested for their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method. Overall 79\u00b76% of isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents and 52\u00b70% were resistant to four or more. Trimethoprim resistance ranged from 26\u00b77% among isolates of <jats:italic>S. boydii<\/jats:italic> to 39\u00b74% among <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> strains. The majority of the 224 TMP resistant isolates (88\u00b78%) demonstrated high level resistance (MIC &gt; 1000 mg\/1) to trimethoprim. Resistance to cotrimoxazole increased from 3% in 1978 to between 26\u00b77 and 37\u00b76% in 1990. MICs for 90% of isolates (MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>S) for ampicillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin were 128 to &gt; 256 mg\/1, &gt; 256 for tetracycline and chloramphenicol, and &gt; 2\u00b70\/38\u00b70 for cotrimoxazole. These results from the Canadian Province of Ontario emphasize the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of shigellosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800050457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T09:02:54Z","timestamp":1242378174000},"page":"463-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["High level resistance to trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole and other antimicrobial agents among clinical isolates of <i>Shigella<\/i> species in Ontario, Canada \u2013 an update"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Harnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01967006"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91094-8"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91310-8"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90957-3"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91081-4"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115208"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref013","volume-title":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref012","volume-title":"Identification of Enterobacteriaceae","author":"Edwards","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref011","volume-title":"Identification of medical bacteria","author":"Cowan","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91694-P"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m80-209"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.4.648"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6419.784"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/122.3.170"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800047646"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01009.x"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref014","first-page":"307","article-title":"An inocula replicating apparatus for routine testing of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics","volume":"9","author":"Steers","year":"1959","journal-title":"Antibiot Chemother"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.6.1242"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.4.797"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.1.20"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.5.1107"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800050469"},{"key":"S0950268800050457_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.29.5.883"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800050457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T20:11:48Z","timestamp":1558037508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800050457\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800050457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800050457","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Cambridge University Press 1992","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}