{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:10:24Z","timestamp":1778627424104,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5462,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The introduction of screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) by the National Blood Transfusion Service identified donors who had acquired HCV infection. We undertook a case-control study amongst blood donors in the Trent Region to determine risks for HCV infection. A total of 74 blood donors confirmed positive for hepatitis C infection and 150 age, sex and donor venue matched controls were included in the study. Fifty-three percent of hepatitis C infected blood donors reported previous use of injected drugs compared to no controls; relative risk (RR) not estimatable (lower limit 95% CI = 20). Other risk factors were a history of: receipt of a blood transfusion or blood products RR = 3\u00b76 (95% CI 1\u00b75\u20138\u00b73), having been a \u2018health care worker\u2019 RR = 2\u00b78 (95% CI 1\u00b71\u20137\u00b76), tattooing RR = 3\u00b73 (95% CI 1\u00b72\u20138\u00b77), and an association with having been born abroad RR = 3\u00b72 (95% CI 1\u00b71\u20139\u00b75). No risk was shown for a history of multiple sexual partners, ear piercing or acupuncture. Injecting drug use explains more than 50% of hepatitis C infections in blood donors, a group who are less likely to have injected drugs than the general population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800051293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T08:44:25Z","timestamp":1242377065000},"page":"595-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection. A case-control study of blood donors in the Trent Region (UK)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"K. R.","family":"Neal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Killey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6867.1473"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91095-C"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92369-D"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90485-6"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref010","volume-title":"EGRET: user's guide","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-4453(93)96680-O"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137123.x","article-title":"Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in blood donors: a case-control study","volume":"157","author":"Kaldor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-4453(92)91459-O"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91373-G"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6867.1447"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.1.66"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref022","first-page":"219","article-title":"Hepatitis B associated with an acupuncture clinic","volume":"2","year":"1992","journal-title":"CDR"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198911303212202"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111073251901"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450170079026"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90791-V"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-6-443"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref009","volume-title":"database, and statistics package for epidemiology on microcomputers","author":"Dean","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref011","volume-title":"The analysis of case control studies","volume":"1","author":"Breslow","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91048-D"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-10-764"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6745.210"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430090063034"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92020-G"},{"key":"S0950268800051293_ref025","volume-title":"Modern epidemiology","author":"Rothman","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800051293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T05:03:50Z","timestamp":1589778230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800051293\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800051293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800051293","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 1994","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}