{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:27:05Z","timestamp":1791232025588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5401,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>An outbreak of food intoxication involving over 265 cases in western United States occurred in October 1991.<jats:italic>Staphylococcus intermedius<\/jats:italic>was implicated as the aetiologic agent. Representative outbreak isolates (five clinical and ten from foods) produced type A enterotoxin. DNA fragments generated by four restriction endonucleases and analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) provided definitive evidence that all isolates from nine different counties in California and Nevada were derived from a single strain. The PFGE pattern of these outbreak isolates was distinct from those of a heterogeneous collection of seven<jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic>strains of veterinary origin and five unrelated<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>laboratory strains. The data show a significant PFGE pattern heterogeneity not only among members of different<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>species but also within members of the same species and even the same enterotoxin type. The results indicate that PFGE is a valuable strain-specific discriminator for the epidemiological characterization of<jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic>. To our knowledge, this represents the first documented foodborne outbreak caused by<jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic>. These findings suggest that the presence of<jats:italic>S. intermedius<\/jats:italic>and other species such as<jats:italic>S. hyicus<\/jats:italic>in food should be reason for concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800051487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T08:48:10Z","timestamp":1242377290000},"page":"75-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the epidemiological characterization of<i>Staphylococcus intermedius<\/i>implicated in a food-related outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"F. M.","family":"Khambaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. B.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref001","first-page":"441","article-title":"Staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B, and C produced by coagulase-negative strains within the family Micrococcaceae","volume":"90","author":"\u00d8lsvik","year":"1982","journal-title":"Path Microbiol Immunol Scand Sect B."},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref005","first-page":"29","article-title":"Enterotoxin production by strains of Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dog infections","volume":"264","author":"Almazan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(84)90069-5"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(88)90036-0"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref012","first-page":"5","article-title":"Outbreak that didn't seem right spread like butter","volume":"8","year":"1992","journal-title":"Food Prot Rep"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-26-4-401"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref008","volume-title":"Staphylococci and staphylococcal diseases: Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on staphylococci and staphylococcal infections","author":"Hajek","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.18.4.789-792.1983","article-title":"Characterization of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from veterinary clinical specimens","volume":"18","author":"Raus","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.1.78-81.1989","article-title":"Staphylococcus intermedius in canine gingiva and canine-inflicted human wound infections: laboratory characterization of a newly recognized zoonotic pathogen","volume":"27","author":"Talan","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref006","first-page":"123","article-title":"Isolamento, caracterizacad e isolados de productos carneos comercializados em Londrina-PR","volume":"2","author":"Hirooka","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cien Technol Aliment"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.1.1.82-88.1975","article-title":"Simplified scheme for routine identification of human Staphylococcus species","volume":"1","author":"Kloos","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref010","first-page":"360","article-title":"Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from dogs","volume":"258","author":"Fukada","year":"1984","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Hyg A"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150120914"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.3.426-429.1990","article-title":"Rapid field inversion gel electrophoresis in combination with a rRNA gene probe in the epidemiological evaluation of staphylococci","volume":"28","author":"Goering","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref014","first-page":"167","volume-title":"U.S. FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual","author":"Bennett","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1991.10.663"},{"key":"S0950268800051487_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.10.2393-.1989","article-title":"Frequency of Staphylococcus intermedius as human nasopharyngeal flora","volume":"27","author":"Talan","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800051487","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T05:04:13Z","timestamp":1589778253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800051487\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800051487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800051487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Cambridge University Press 1994","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}