{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:35:52Z","timestamp":1791894952406,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":203,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7043,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The coccidian protozoan parasite<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>has been described in many host species since its discovery in the early part of the century, but it remained obscure until the recognition by veterinary workers in the 1970s of its importance as a cause of scours in young livestock animals [1\u20134].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800054480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T09:23:11Z","timestamp":1242379391000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Epidemiological aspects of human cryptosporidiosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"D. P.","family":"Casemore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref195","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Hill","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.12.1363-a"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.53.1.124-128.1986","article-title":"Quantification of specific antibody response to Cryptosporidium antigens by laser densitometry","volume":"53","author":"Ungar","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.3.551"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-5-5"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.3.570"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1988.193.11.1413","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in veterinary students","volume":"193","author":"Levine","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.38.2.471-475.1982","article-title":"Experimental cryptosporidiosis in laboratory mice","volume":"38","author":"Sherwood","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3281485"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.10.2272","article-title":"Effect of drying on the infectivity of cryptosporidia-laden calf feces for 3- to 7-day-old mice","volume":"47","author":"Anderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.1.195"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref164","first-page":"380","article-title":"Cryptosporidium as a causative agent of traveler's diarrhea","volume":"153","author":"Sterling","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Int Dis"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90314-X"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(88)90070-3"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.55.6.1519-1522.1989","article-title":"Effect of disinfection of drinking water with ozone or chlorine dioxide on survival or Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts","volume":"55","author":"Peeters","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl Env Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.338"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref173","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Henriksen","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref172","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Blewett","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6517.377"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref167","volume-title":"Escherichia coli and man","author":"Cooke","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref162","first-page":"70","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis","volume":"145","author":"Soave","year":"1985","journal-title":"Traveler's diarrhea in two families. Arch Int Med"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90899-1"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref159","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Soave","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1985.tb14245.x"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref166","first-page":"722","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in children in Chandrigarh","volume":"86","author":"Malla","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ind J Med Res"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90839-9"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.77.2.152","article-title":"Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a day-care center","volume":"77","author":"Alpert","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref153","volume-title":"Communicable Diseases Surveillance Centre","author":"Nichols","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref149","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a day-care center","volume":"139","author":"Taylor","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.53.4.687-692.1987","article-title":"Detection of Cryptosporidium in water by using polypropylene cartridge filters","volume":"53L","author":"Musial","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl Env Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548560","article-title":"Rapid immunoassay for detection of cryptosporidium oocysts","volume":"27","author":"Pohjola","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10502.x"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90753-7"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.7.1490-1495.1989","article-title":"Comparison of conventional staining methods and monoclonal antibody-based methods for Cryptosporidium oocyst detection","volume":"27","author":"Arrowood","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(84)90574-7"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.5.1038"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref136","first-page":"276","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: another source","volume":"298","author":"Galbraith","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref135","unstructured":"135. Smith HV , Smith AL , Girdwood RWA , Carrington EG. The effect of free chlorine on the viability of Cryptosporidium spp oocysts. WRc Publ PRU 2023-M. Medmenham. Bucks: Water Research Centre. 1988."},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.8.1156"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref132","first-page":"97","article-title":"Effect of disinfectants in infectiousness of oocyts of Cryptosporidium sp","volume":"33","author":"Pavlasek","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cs Epidem"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133350.x","article-title":"Human infection with Cryptosporidium spp.: results of a 24-month survey","volume":"147","author":"Biggs","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med J Austr"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-99-3-337"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref130","first-page":"1463","volume":"ii","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.18.1.165-169.1983","article-title":"Demonstration of serum antibodies to Cryptosporidium sp. in normal and immunodeficient humans with confirmed infection","volume":"18","author":"Campbell","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.53993"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref126","volume-title":"Department of the Environment","author":"Badenoch","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-6593.1987.tb01184.x"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-6-886"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref169","first-page":"312","article-title":"Cryptosporidium, malnutrition, and chronic diarrhea in children","volume":"142","author":"Sallon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1988.tb02993.x"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.53.4.672-676.1987","article-title":"Identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts in river water","volume":"53","author":"Ongerth","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl Env Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref112","first-page":"1","volume-title":"PHLS DMRQC Newsletter","author":"Chapman","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6407.1760-a"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref044","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Anderson","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref002","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Angus","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90313-8"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref104","first-page":"487","article-title":"Prospective study of acquisition of Cryptosporidium","volume":"ii","author":"Jokipii","year":"1985","journal-title":"Giardia lamblia, and gastrointestinal illness"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91114-1"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198205000-00015"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref046","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Nichols","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref101","volume-title":"PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre","author":"Nichols","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref165","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","author":"Ericsson","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(87)80090-2"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400060812"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.4.772"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref030","first-page":"311","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in children","volume":"1","author":"Hart","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev Commun"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.14.4.455-456.1981","article-title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium antibodies in 10 animal species","volume":"14","author":"Tzipori","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90848-2"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.931"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref053","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis","volume":"4","author":"Casemore","year":"1987","journal-title":"PHLS Microbiology Digest"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.6.967-975.1987","article-title":"Cryptosporidium species, a protean protozoan","volume":"25","author":"Janoff","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.60.1.60"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref040","first-page":"394","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum (sp. nov.), a coccidium found in the small intestine of the common mouse","volume":"26","author":"Tyzzer","year":"1912","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Protistenkunde"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-4-504"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.1.248"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref032","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Recent advances in infection","author":"Casemore","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10643388609388328"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref183","unstructured":"183. Miller RA , Bronson MA , Morton WR. Determination of the infectious dose of Cryptosporidium and the influence of inoculum size on disease severity. A S M Abstracts of Annual Meeting 1986; p 49."},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(84)91117-4"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905253202103"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400062586"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.50.4.458-483.1986","article-title":"Cryptosporidium spp. and cryptosporidiosis","volume":"50","author":"Fayer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.10.2436-2441.1987","article-title":"Characterization of the Cryptosporidium antigens from sporulated oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"55","author":"Luft","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.10.1104"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92552-7"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/8.6.1012"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198601001-00022"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.24.4.517-521.1986","article-title":"Immunofluorescence detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal smears","volume":"24","author":"Stibbs","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.12.1433"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3281435"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref119","unstructured":"119. Anon. Cryptosporidiosis-New Mexico, 1986. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 1987; 36: 561\u20133."},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref127","first-page":"251","article-title":"Troubled waters","volume":"ii","author":"Anon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(87)91902-5"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90951-8"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.12.1337"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(84)90618-2"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003693308803300606"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.12.1321"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref137","unstructured":"137. Smith HV , Parker JFW , Girdwood RWA. A modified method for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts in water-related samples. Communicable Disease. Scotland 1989; 89\/15: 7\u201313."},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.23.6.1109-1113.1986","article-title":"Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of diarrhoea in Liberian children","volume":"23","author":"Hojlyng","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref158","first-page":"1597","article-title":"Prevalence of cryptosporidium in patients undergoing endoscopy-evidence for an asymptomatic carrier state","volume":"92","author":"Roberts","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref004","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Advances in parasitology","volume":"27","author":"Tzipori","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90581-5"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6547.625-b"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(89)91764-7"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.1.76"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(88)80023-4"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref055","first-page":"6","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis","volume":"4","author":"Palmer","year":"1987","journal-title":"PHLS Microbiology Digest"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(87)90938-8"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(86)90062-2"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-5-593"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref125","volume-title":"Thames Water","author":"Dick","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref008","first-page":"818","article-title":"Vomiting and diarrhea associated with cryptosporidial infection","volume":"383","author":"Tzipori","year":"1980","journal-title":"New Eng J Med1"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198706000-00009"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(86)92164-X"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref111","volume-title":"Epidemiol Infect","author":"Smith","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688307600114"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548562","article-title":"Sporadic cryptosporidiosis in a rural population is asymptomatic and associated with contact to cattle","volume":"27","author":"Pohjola","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198505163122009"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90341-0"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.02.192","article-title":"Infectivity of Cryptosporidium sp. isolated from wild mice for calves and mice","volume":"189","author":"Klesius","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref039","first-page":"487","article-title":"Extracellular coccidium, Cryptosporidium muris (Gen et sp nov) of the gastric glands of the common mouse","volume":"23","author":"Tyzzer","year":"1910","journal-title":"J Med Res"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.1.88-91.1988","article-title":"Infection and diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium sp. among Guatemalan infants","volume":"26","author":"Cruz","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711320304"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.8.1134"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref054","unstructured":"54. Pohjola-Stenroos S. Diagnostic and epidemiological aspects of Cryptosporidium infection, a protozoan infection of increasing veterinary public health importance. Academic dissertation. College of Veterinary Medicine. Helsinki, 1986."},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350120059015"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.1.39"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198503073121011","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in tourists returning from the Caribbean","volume":"312","author":"Ma","year":"1985","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707163170312","article-title":"Timing of symptoms and oocyst excretion in human cryptosporidiosis","volume":"317","author":"Casemore","year":"1987","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.1.223-224.1989","article-title":"Comparison of three methods for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a low-prevalence population","volume":"27","author":"Baron","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.20.5.874-876.1984","article-title":"Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of diarrhea in central Africa1","volume":"20","author":"Bogaerts","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref048","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Blagburn","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1988.0295"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.30.3.884-886.1980","article-title":"Cryptosporidium: Evidence for a single species genus","volume":"30","author":"Tzipori","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref034","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Current","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref133","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop","author":"Blewett","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(86)94320-3"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref092","volume-title":"Communicable Disease Report","author":"Casemore","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)93029-7"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800066504"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198601001-00020"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.333"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390040100020"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92691-1"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92244-X"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.18.1.185-190.1983","article-title":"Techniques for the recovery and identification of cryptosporidium oocysts from stool specimens","volume":"18","author":"Garcia","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282398"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90747-1"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90054-X"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92320-8"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref074","first-page":"270","article-title":"Screening for co-infection with Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Oregon public health clinics","volume":"78","author":"Skeels","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref131","first-page":"1413","article-title":"The safety of our drinking water","volume":"320","author":"Olson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Reason for concern but not alarm"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.3.273"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647228"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.2.369"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01644451","article-title":"Unusual low-grade cryptosporidial enteritis in AIDS: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Scalgia","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.5.824"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305263082109"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.1.172-173.1987","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in patients at a large teaching hospital","volume":"25","author":"Marshall","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282196"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref085","first-page":"510","article-title":"Cryptosporidium diarrhoea in calves and their handlers in Bangladesh","volume":"82","author":"Rahman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ind J Med Res"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref086","first-page":"174","article-title":"Infection with Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and cattle in Manitoba","volume":"50","author":"Mann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Canad J Vet Res"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.2.365"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(89)80095-2"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref022","first-page":"317","article-title":"The development and performance of a simple","volume":"92","author":"Baxby","year":"1984","journal-title":"sensitive method for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in faeces. J Hyg"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref043","unstructured":"43. Casemore DP. Gastroenteritis in a semi-rural population (The emergence of a \u2018new\u2019 pathogen, Cryptosporidium). PhD Thesis, 1987; School of Pharmacy, Liverpool."},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6675.750-b"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref041","first-page":"607","article-title":"Health and parasites of a wild mouse population","year":"1931","journal-title":"Proc Zool Soc London"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref029","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","author":"Ma","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref059","first-page":"62","article-title":"Two year study of cryptosporidium infection","author":"Thomson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref171","first-page":"50","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in children of a nutritional care centre","volume":"58","author":"Weitz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Chil Pediatr"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90851-8"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1988.tb02988.x"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282039"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6448.814"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05608.x"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400061076"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198612253152604"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref201","first-page":"1133","article-title":"On three stages of amoebic research","volume":"ii","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6392.591"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1986.0134"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.5.593"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305263082102"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.47.1.84-96.1983","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans","volume":"47","author":"Tzipori","year":"1983","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90397-8"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548609032325"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref023","first-page":"735","article-title":"Screening for cryptosporidium in stools","volume":"i","author":"Nichols","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.1.119-121.1987","article-title":"Fluorescence detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in human fecal specimens by using monoclonal antibodies","volume":"25","author":"Garcia","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbioi"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800054297"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400062598"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6542.287"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198505163122002"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref051","first-page":"49","article-title":"Monitoring infectious diseases using routine microbiology data I","volume":"86","author":"Tillett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Study of gastroenteritis in an urban area. J Hyg"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198609000-00008"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref025","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Oxford textbook of public health","volume":"4","author":"Galbraith","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1988.0284"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref109","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Advances in Giardia Research","author":"Rose","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05567.x"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647226"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548709032404"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02097194"},{"key":"S0950268800054480_ref089","volume-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: a cosmopolitan disease in animals and man","author":"Chermette","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800054480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T12:28:59Z","timestamp":1739104139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800054480\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"references-count":203,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800054480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800054480","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 1990","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}