{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T06:57:16Z","timestamp":1760079436065},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255910400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8176,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice killed shortly after receiving 1300\u20133000 spores of<jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic>type C<jats:italic>per os<\/jats:italic>were incubated at one of four chosen temperatures together with bottles of cooked meat medium seeded with a similar inoculum. After incubation the rotting carcasses were homogenized. Sterile membrane filtrates of the homogenates (10\u201320.8%, w\/v) and pure cultures were then titrated for toxicity. A temperature of 37 \u00b0C produced less toxicity in most carcasses than in cultures. At 30 \u00b0C, however, toxicity (often 2\u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>to 2\u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>mouse intraperitoneal LD\/g or ml) was roughly similar in both systems, and some carcasses and cultures were still toxic (2\u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>to 2\u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>LD\/g or ml) after 349 days. Surprisingly, at 23 \u00b0C, though greatly reduced in the cultures, toxicity was high in many carcasses for at least 28 days. Little or no toxin was produced in either system at 16 \u00b0C. Unfiltered homogenates (17\u00b78\u201322\u00b75%, w\/v; dose 0\u00b725 ml<jats:italic>per os<\/jats:italic>) of toxic carcasses incubated at 30 \u00b0C for 7 days invariably produced death from botulism, often within as little as 4 h, but a 1 in 10 dilution produced less than 100% mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800062105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T12:46:55Z","timestamp":1255956415000},"page":"345-351","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Factors affecting the toxicity of rotting carcasses containing<i>Clostridium botulinum<\/i>type C"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"G. R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref007","first-page":"445","volume-title":"Veterinary Record","volume":"107","author":"Smart","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref005","first-page":"230","volume-title":"Toxic Micro-organisms, Proceedings of the 1st US-Japan Conference on Toxic Micro-organisms","author":"Lamanna","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.27.1.251-258.1974","article-title":"Interconversion of type C and D strains of Clostridium botulinum1` by specific bacteriophages","volume":"27","author":"Eklund","year":"1974","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref001","first-page":"701","article-title":"Preparation and assay of the international standards for Clostridium botulinum types A, B, C, D and E antitoxins","volume":"29","author":"Bowmer","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref009","first-page":"534","volume-title":"Veterinary Record","volume":"117","author":"Smith","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref010","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Report of the 14th International Veterinary Congress","volume":"3","author":"Sterne","year":"1949"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref008","first-page":"617","volume-title":"British Journal of Experimental Pathology","volume":"67","author":"Smith","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref006","first-page":"658","volume-title":"Avian Disease","volume":"24","author":"Notermans","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1978.tb04215.x"},{"key":"S0950268800062105_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1970.tb00495.x"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800062105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]],"date-time":"2020-05-23T03:45:35Z","timestamp":1590205535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800062105\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800062105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800062105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Cambridge University Press 1987","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}