{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:51:42Z","timestamp":1760014302497},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255910400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7993,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus antigen (HIV-ag) was determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in HIV-antibody (anti-HIV) positive as well as pre-anti-HIV seroconversion sera and the results analysed according to stage of infection, risk group, age and geographic origin. Eleven (19%) of 58 homosexual men tested showed HIV-ag in a serum taken 3\u20134 months before or one at the time of anti-HIV seroconversion. In another eight (14%) HIV-ag persisted after seroconversion and half of them developed AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) in contrast to none of the other 50 anti-HIV seroconversions. Two (13%) of 16 haemophiliacs tested had HIV-ag only in the first anti-HIV seropositive sample. HIV-ag was present in 86% (30\/35) of Dutch homosexual men with AIDS, in 32% (7\/22) of men with ARC and in 17% (24\/145) of men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) or without symptoms. Three percent (2\/60) of sera of asymptomatic i.v. drug users from Amsterdam were HIV-ag positive. Ten percent (1 of 10) of sera from Central Africans with \u2018Slim Disease\u2019 were HIV-ag positive. Among infected children from the USA or Europe 89n100% (8\/9 and 2\/2) of AIDS cases, 67\u2013100% (6\/9 and 3\/3) of children with ARC and 75% (3\/4) of asymptomatic children were HIV-ag positive. The HIV-ag EIA appears to be able to identify HIV infection earlier than the available anti-HIV assays in a significant number of cases. Since persistence of HIV-ag, except possibly in African cases, is strongly associated with clinical deterioration, HIV-ag appears to be a suitable marker for, independent of their clinical status, selecting individuals for antiviral therapy and also for monitoring the efficiency of such therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800066565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T12:44:02Z","timestamp":1255956242000},"page":"701-710","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Circulation of HIV antigen in blood according to stage of infection, risk group, age and geographic origin"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Jaap","family":"Goudsmit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref003","first-page":"334","article-title":"Classification system for human T-lymphotropic virus type III\/lymphadenopathy associated virus infections","volume":"35","year":"1986","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref014","first-page":"15","article-title":"Viral gene expression, antibody patterns, and immune complex formation in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"1","author":"Lange","year":"1987","journal-title":"AIDS Gower Academic Journals"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706113162413","article-title":"HIV isolation from plasma of HIV-infected persons","volume":"316","author":"Falk","year":"1987","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90570-8"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.4.734"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref017","first-page":"1200","article-title":"Specific antibody and virus antigen expression in congenital HIV infection","volume":"1","author":"Tovo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6515.228"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6200936"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92673-5"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92143-X"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.3.558"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198612183152511","article-title":"Significant changes in HIV antigen level in the serum of patients treated with azidothymidine","volume":"315","author":"Chaisson","year":"1986","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210413"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-68-6-1543"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6560.1459"},{"key":"S0950268800066565_ref016","first-page":"224","article-title":"Detection of HTLV-III viral antigens in serum [abstract no. 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