{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:20:22Z","timestamp":1790835622898,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,22]],"date-time":"2002-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1016755200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective was to describe the current epidemiology and trends in New Zealand human leptospirosis, using descriptive epidemiology of laboratory surveillance and disease notification data, 1990\u20138. The annual incidence of human leptospirosis in New Zealand 1990\u20138 was 4\u00b74 per 100000. Incidence was highest among meat processing workers (163\u00b75\/100000), livestock farm workers (91\u00b77), and forestry-related workers (24\u00b71). The most commonly detected serovars were <jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> serovar (sv.) hardjo (hardjobovis) (46\u00b71%), <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic> sv. pomona (24\u00b74%) and <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> sv. ballum (11\u00b79%). The annual incidence of leptospirosis declined from 5\u00b77\/100000 in 1990\u20132 to 2\u00b79\/100000 in 1996\u20138. Incidence of <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> sv. hardjo and <jats:italic>L. interrogans <\/jats:italic>sv. pomona infection declined, while incidence of <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> sv. ballum infection increased. The incidence of human leptospirosis in New Zealand remains high for a temperate developed country. Increasing <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> sv. ballum case numbers suggest changing transmission patterns via direct or indirect exposure to contaminated surface water. Targeted and evaluated disease control programmes should be renewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268801006392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,8]],"date-time":"2008-08-08T13:34:02Z","timestamp":1218202442000},"page":"29-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Changing epidemiology of human leptospirosis in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"C.\u00a0N.","family":"THORNLEY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.\u00a0G.","family":"BAKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"WEINSTEIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.\u00a0W.","family":"MAAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,22]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268801006392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T19:46:23Z","timestamp":1554147983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268801006392\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268801006392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268801006392","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}}}