{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:05:29Z","timestamp":1790708729177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,30]],"date-time":"2005-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120089600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk for a pathogen to cross the species barrier depends on the rate of efficient contacts between the species. However, contact rates between species have rarely been estimated from observations. Here we estimate contact rates and exposure of chamois<jats:italic>Rupicapra rupicapra<\/jats:italic>and Alpine ibex<jats:italic>Capra ibex<\/jats:italic>exposed to domestic pasteurellosis and brucellosis carried by sheep or cattle herds summering in mountain pastures. We use field observation data on animal positions treated in a geographic information system (GIS). Comparing 10 pastures, we show that the management of domestic herds influences the risk of inter-species transmission. Exposure to direct transmission of pasteurellosis is high when herds are not guarded nor enclosed, whereas exposure to indirect transmission of brucellosis is increased on epidemiological dangerous points such as salt deposits. Our preliminary results need further investigation, but they underline the importance of both herd management and pathogen transmission mode when the aim is to reduce the risk of contamination of wild populations by a pathogen associated with domestic pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268805004693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,30]],"date-time":"2005-06-30T09:44:50Z","timestamp":1120124690000},"page":"21-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Contact rates and exposure to inter-species disease transmission in mountain ungulates"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"RICHOMME","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"GAUTHIER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"FROMONT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref016","first-page":"126","article-title":"Respiratory disease in sheep","volume":"3","author":"Casamitjana","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin des GTV"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref031","unstructured":"31. Jenness J . Nearest Features, with Distances and Bearings (v. 3.7a). Script for Arcview (http;\/\/arcscripts.esri.com\/details.asp?dbid=10220). Accessed August 2002."},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref042","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Study of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex)","author":"Chatelier","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref032","volume-title":"Viability of air-borne Pasteurella spp. Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council 13","author":"Dixon","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-30.2.137"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(90)90008-J"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(01)80061-5"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.2.400"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref030","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Wild ungulates and mountain livestock breedings: spatial and sanitary relationships","author":"L\u00e9na","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059026"},{"key":"S0950268805004693_ref028","unstructured":"28. 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