{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:05:01Z","timestamp":1780398301447,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,29]],"date-time":"2005-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122595200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During 1989\u20132002, we studied the antimicrobial resistance of 3928 blood culture isolates of <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> serotype Typhi (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Overall 32% (1270) of the strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR, resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim\u2013sulphamethoxazole); first detected in 1990 (rate of 8%), increased in 1994 (44%), declined in 1996 (22%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b701 compared to 1994) and re-emerged in 2001 (36%) and 2002 (42%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b701 compared to 1996). An increased MIC of ciprofloxacin (0\u00b725 \u03bcg\/ml) indicating decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was detected in 24 (18\u00b72%) out of 132 randomly selected strains during 1990\u20132002; more frequently in MDR than susceptible strains (46\u00b73% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 5\u00b75%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001), and the proportion of them rose to 47% in 2002 from 8% in 2000 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b701). Ciprofloxacin (5 \u03bcg) disk diffusion zone diameters of [les     ]24 mm as break-point had 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared with a ciprofloxacin MIC of 0\u00b725 \u03bcg\/ml as break-point for decreased susceptibility; being a useful and easy screen test. All strains were susceptible to ceftriaxone. The emergence of MDR <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility will further complicate the therapy of typhoid fever because of the lack of optimum treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268805004759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,29]],"date-time":"2005-07-29T08:53:33Z","timestamp":1122627213000},"page":"433-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Emergence of multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i> serotype Typhi with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"RAHMAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"SIDDIQUE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"SHOMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"RASHID","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"SALAM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q. S.","family":"AHMED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. B.","family":"NAIR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. F.","family":"BREIMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,29]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268805004759","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T20:20:12Z","timestamp":1555014012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268805004759\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,29]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268805004759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268805004759","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,29]]}}}