{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:12:21Z","timestamp":1791871941974,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,7]],"date-time":"2006-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165449600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the infectiousness of smallpox relative to the onset of fever using a likelihood-based estimation procedure based on the observed transmission network (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=223) and on the distribution of the incubation period (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=379). Who-infected-whom information enabled us to back-calculate the infectiousness by disease age, employing a step function model for infectiousness. Frequency of secondary transmissions was highest between 3 and 6 days after onset of fever, yielding an expected daily frequency of 20\u00b76% (95% CI 15\u00b71\u201326\u00b74) of the total number of secondary transmissions, which is consistent with previous observations. The estimated cumulative frequency suggests that 91\u00b71% of secondary transmissions occurred up to 9 days after onset of fever. The proposed method appeared to be useful for diseases with an acute course of illness, where transmission was not hampered by depletion of susceptible contacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268806007618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,7]],"date-time":"2006-12-07T14:06:16Z","timestamp":1165500376000},"page":"1145-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Infectiousness of smallpox relative to disease age: estimates based on transmission network and incubation period"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"NISHIURA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"EICHNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref012","first-page":"49","article-title":"Studies on the virus content of mouth washings in the acute phase of smallpox","volume":"25","author":"Downie","year":"1961","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organisation"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478599"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg251"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240001086X"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1912"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.040949"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1992.10475215"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(50)80114-2"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg104"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029300200103"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307506101"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref029","volume-title":"Smallpox and its Eradication","author":"Fenner","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/125.2.161"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.042424"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref023","first-page":"219","article-title":"Pattern of intrafamilial transmission of smallpox in Calcutta, India","volume":"51","author":"Mukherjee","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organisation"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref019","first-page":"187","article-title":"Smallpox outbreak in Glasgow, 1950","volume":"83","author":"Laidlaw","year":"1950","journal-title":"Medical Officer"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref006","volume-title":"Analysis of Infectious Disease Data","author":"Becker","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg103"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh255"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref004","volume-title":"Mathematical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: model building, analysis and interpretation","author":"Diekmann","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref026","volume-title":"Smallpox","author":"Rao","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04153"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199703010-00009"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2191"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(52)91357-3"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref022","first-page":"524","article-title":"Field investigation of an outbreak of smallpox at Bawku, Ghana: May\u2013October, 1967","volume":"47","author":"De","year":"1970","journal-title":"East Africa Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref013","first-page":"517","article-title":"Virus excretion in smallpox. 1. Excretion in the throat, urine, and conjunctiva of patients","volume":"48","author":"Sarkar","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organisation"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198545996.001.0001","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Humans: dynamics and control","author":"Anderson","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780101005"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1005.030419"},{"key":"S0950268806007618_ref021","first-page":"293","article-title":"Smallpox in the Industrial Pennines, 1953","volume":"90","author":"Lyons","year":"1953","journal-title":"Medical Officer"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268806007618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T19:50:15Z","timestamp":1707421815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268806007618\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268806007618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268806007618","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,7]]}}}