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A total of 1732 prolonged fever episodes were evaluated using three serological tests, Widal, Tubex<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>and Typhidot-M<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>in a typhoid fever endemic area of southern China. A case definition which included a positive Widal test (TO\u2a7e80 &amp; TH&gt;A), a positive Tubex<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>test (\u2a7e4) and a positive Typhidot-M<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>test, increased the detection of cases by more than twofold from 13 to 28 cases. The case definition has a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 39%. Case definitions based on combinations of serological tests can detect additional typhoid fever cases with higher specificity than a single serological test. Improved case detection is essential to understand the true disease burden and can help to boost the power of intervention trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268806007801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]],"date-time":"2007-01-12T09:46:09Z","timestamp":1168595169000},"page":"1014-1020","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Optimizing typhoid fever case definitions by combining serological tests in a large population study in Hechi City, 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