{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:19:37Z","timestamp":1789654777485,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]],"date-time":"2007-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193356800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines into the United Kingdom's routine immunization programmes is expected to change the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We have documented the epidemiology of IPD in an English region (South West) with high-quality surveillance data before these programmes were established. We analysed data on isolates of <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> from blood and CSF between 1996 and 2005 from microbiology laboratories in the South West that were reported and\/or referred for serotyping to the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. The mean annual incidence of IPD increased from 11\u00b72\/100 000 in 1996 to 13\u00b76\/100 000 in 2005 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b704). After adjusting for annual blood-culture sampling rates in hospitals serving the same catchment populations, an increase in annual incidence of IPD was no longer observed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=1\u00b70). Variation in overall incidence between laboratories could also be explained by variation in blood culture rates. The proportion of disease caused by serotypes 6B, 9V and 14 decreased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7007, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7027 respectively) whereas that caused by serotype 4, 7F and 1 increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7003, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001 respectively) between 2000 and 2005. The level of penicillin non-susceptibility and resistance to erythromycin remained stable (2% and 12% respectively). This study provides an important baseline to assess the impact of changing vaccination programmes on the epidemiology of IPD, thus informing future use of pneumococcal vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268807009715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]],"date-time":"2007-10-26T07:29:40Z","timestamp":1193383780000},"page":"1096-1102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Trends in incidence of pneumococcal disease before introduction of conjugate vaccine: South West England, 1996\u20132005"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"C.\u00a0A.","family":"IHEKWEAZU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.\u00a0A.\u00a0B.","family":"DANCE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"PEBODY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.\u00a0C.","family":"GEORGE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.\u00a0D.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"WAIGHT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"CHRISTENSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.\u00a0A.\u00a0V.","family":"CARTWRIGHT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u00a0M.","family":"STUART","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252101"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref020","unstructured":"20.\u00a0Health Protection Agency. RCPG weekly consultation rate for influenza-like-illness in England (http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/infections\/topics_az\/influenza\/seasonal\/activity0506\/Graph02.pdf). Accessed 1 October 2007."},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71043-6"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref027","unstructured":"27.\u00a0Health Protection Agency. Pneumococcal vaccination uptake monitoring on behalf of the Department of Health (http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/infections\/topics_az\/pneumococcal\/vaccine\/uptake_monitoring.htm). Accessed 20 August 2007."},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref009","unstructured":"9.\u00a0ACIP. Preventing pneumococcal disease among infants and young children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports. Recommended Reports 2000; 49 (RR-9): 1\u201335."},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref007","unstructured":"7.\u00a0Department of Health. Immunisation against infectious disease; 1996 (http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/assetRoot\/04\/08\/88\/06\/04088806.pdf). Accessed 1 March 2005."},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.09.016"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref012","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Methods in Microbiology","author":"Lund","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004012"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268897008522"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-1-17"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04222-7"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00316-8"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00775.x"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00779.x"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00781.x"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00122-X"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00807-1"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref028","first-page":"893","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease\u00a0\u2013\u00a0United States, 1998\u20132003","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref010","unstructured":"10.\u00a0Department of Health. Planned changes to Childhood Immunisation Programme (http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/assetRoot\/04\/12\/81\/21\/04128121.pdf). Accessed 22 June 2006."},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0204.9604"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0905.020556"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.43"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.11.09.00646-en","article-title":"Pneumococcal disease surveillance in Europe","volume":"11","author":"Pebody","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref008","unstructured":"8.\u00a0World Health Organisation. Pneumococcal vaccines. WHO position paper. Weekly Epidemiology Record 1999; 74: 177\u2013183 (http:\/\/www.who.int\/wer\/pdf\/1999\/wer7423.pdf). Accessed 1 March 2005."},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref001","first-page":"22","article-title":"Pneumococcal bacteraemia and meningitis in England and Wales 1993 to 1995","volume":"1","author":"Laurichesse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Communicable Disease and Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-001-0907-3"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref016","unstructured":"16.\u00a0Health Protection Agency (http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/infections\/topics_az\/pneumococcal\/AgespecificlabcasesIPD.htm). Accessed 2 February 2005."},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00783.x"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref018","first-page":"4","article-title":"Invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales","volume":"11","author":"George","year":"2001","journal-title":"CDR Weekly"},{"key":"S0950268807009715_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EJEP.0000024701.94769.98"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268807009715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T22:57:09Z","timestamp":1556665029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268807009715\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268807009715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268807009715","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]]}}}