{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:27:34Z","timestamp":1792189654504,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,8]],"date-time":"2007-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1194480000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus associated with periodic outbreaks, mostly on the African continent, of febrile disease accompanied by abortion in livestock, and a severe, fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in humans. However, the maintenance of the virus during the inter-epidemic period (IEP) when there is low or no disease activity detected in livestock or humans has not been determined. This study report prevalence of RVFV-neutralizing antibodies in sera (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =896) collected from 16 Kenyan wildlife species including at least 35% that were born during the 1999\u20132006 IEP. Specimens from seven species had detectable neutralizing antibodies against RVFV, including African buffalo, black rhino, lesser kudu, impala, African elephant, kongoni, and waterbuck. High RVFV antibody prevalence (&gt;15%) was observed in black rhinos and ruminants (kudu, impala, buffalo, and waterbuck) with the highest titres (up to 1:1280) observed mostly in buffalo, including animals born during the IEP. All lions, giraffes, plains zebras, and warthogs tested were either negative or less than two animals in each species had low (\u2a7d1:16) titres of RVFV antibodies. Of 249 sera collected from five wildlife species during the 2006\u20132007 outbreak, 16 out of 19 (84%) of the ruminant (gerenuk, waterbuck, and eland) specimens had RVFV-neutralizing titres \u2a7e1:80. These data provide evidence that wild ruminants are infected by RVFV but further studies are required to determine whether these animals play a role in the virus maintenance between outbreaks and virus amplification prior to a noticeable outbreak.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268807009806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,8]],"date-time":"2007-11-08T06:35:46Z","timestamp":1194503746000},"page":"1261-1269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in Kenyan wildlife"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"EVANS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"GAKUYA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u00a0T.","family":"PAWESKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"ROSTAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"AKOOLO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.\u00a0J.","family":"VAN VUREN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"MANYIBE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u00a0M.","family":"MACHARIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.\u00a0G.","family":"KSIAZEK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.\u00a0R.","family":"FEIKIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.\u00a0F.","family":"BREIMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"KARIUKI NJENGA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700340418"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref003","first-page":"51","volume-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology","volume":"4","author":"Meegan","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.11.005"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0802.010023"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00511.x"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref005","first-page":"100","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in Egypt: an overview of epizootics in 1977 and 1978","volume":"3","author":"Meegan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Contributions to Epidemiology and Biostatistics"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001289"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref012","first-page":"137","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in Egypt, October\u2013December 1977","volume":"53","author":"El","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01863914","article-title":"Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakologischer Reihensversuche","volume":"162","author":"K\u00e4rber","year":"1931","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr experimentelle Pathologie and Pharmakologie"},{"key":"S0950268807009806_ref016","unstructured":"16.\u00a0Anon. 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