{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:56:54Z","timestamp":1791305814594,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232668800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>A Q fever outbreak occurred in the southeast of The Netherlands in spring and summer 2007. Risk factors for the acquisition of a recent<jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>infection were studied. In total, 696 inhabitants in the cluster area were invited to complete a questionnaire and provide a blood sample for serological testing of IgG and IgM phases I and II antibodies against<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>, in order to recruit seronegative controls for a case-control study. Questionnaires were also sent to 35 previously identified clinical cases. Limited environmental sampling focused on two goat farms in the area. Living in the east of the cluster area, in which a positive goat farm, cattle and small ruminants were situated, smoking and contact with agricultural products were associated with a recent infection. Information leaflets were distributed on a large scale to ruminant farms, including hygiene measures to reduce the risk of spread between animals and to humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268808001908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T09:58:25Z","timestamp":1232704705000},"page":"1283-1294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Investigation of a Q fever outbreak in a rural area of The Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"KARAGIANNIS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"SCHIMMER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"VAN LIER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"TIMEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"SCHNEEBERGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"VAN ROTTERDAM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"DE BRUIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"WIJKMANS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"RIETVELD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"VAN DUYNHOVEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598643"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref006","first-page":"128","article-title":"Epidemiological features of Coxiella burnetii infection in England and Wales: 1984 to 1994","volume":"6","author":"Pedogy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01109.x"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70052-9"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017308"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0104"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref008","first-page":"E070719.1","article-title":"Outbreak of Q fever among a group of high school students in Slovenia, March\u2013April 2007","volume":"12","author":"Grilc","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.1.77-80.1998","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a new PCR assay for detection of Coxiella burnetii in human serum samples","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref013","unstructured":"13. van Lier EA , Rahamat-Langendoen JC , van Vliet JA . State of infectious diseases in The Netherlands 2006 [in Dutch]. RIVM Rapport 210211002\/2007."},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-815"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.10.644"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007452503863"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref010","first-page":"391","article-title":"Large Q fever outbreak in Jena, June 2005 [in German]","volume":"45","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiologisches Bulletin"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.11.10.00655-en","article-title":"Case-control study for risk factors for Q Fever in southwest England and Northern Ireland","volume":"11","author":"Orr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref026","first-page":"425","article-title":"Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in horses in Atlantic Canada","volume":"28","author":"George","year":"1987","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-2"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.1.98"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.1.202"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.37.18976-en","article-title":"Authors reply: Q fever in the Netherlands \u2013 what matters is seriousness of disease rather than quantity","author":"Schimmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.5.935"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322034"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-147"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5760"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref014","first-page":"3247","article-title":"A Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands: a preliminary report","volume":"12","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref023","unstructured":"23. Australian Broadcasting Company. Q fever \u2013 Australia (South Australia): Abattoir. ProMed. 13 July, 2007 (http:\/\/www.promedmail.org), archive number: 20070713.2244."},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref015","first-page":"1998","article-title":"An outbreak of Q fever in the Netherlands \u2013 possible link to goats [in Dutch]","volume":"151","author":"van Steenbergen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nederlandse Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde"},{"key":"S0950268808001908_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800061938"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268808001908","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:38:13Z","timestamp":1589503093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268808001908\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268808001908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268808001908","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]}}}